{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:42:36Z","timestamp":1771260156454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The electrocardiogram (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>) is an objective tool for cardiovascular disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>) risk assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\"><jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title><jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We evaluated distribution of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities and risk factors for developing new abnormalities in 1314 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDIC<\/jats:styled-content>) study. Annual<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>s were centrally read.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities were classified as major and minor according to the Minnesota<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>Classification. At<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EDIC<\/jats:styled-content>year 1 (baseline), 356 (27.1%) of the participants had at least 1<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormality (major or minor) whereas 26 (2%) had at least one major abnormality. During 16\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, 1016 (77.3%) participants developed at least 1 new<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormality (major or minor), whereas 172 (13.1%) developed at least 1 new major abnormality. Independent risk factors for developing new major<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities were: age, current smoking, increased systolic blood pressure, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin (hazard ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>] [95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.04 [1.02\u20131.06] per 1\u2010year increase, 1.75 [1.22\u20132.53], 1.03 [1.01\u20131.05] per 1\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg increase, and 1.16 [1.04\u20131.29] per 10% increase, respectively). Independent risk factors for developing any new<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities (major or minor) were age and systolic blood pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>[95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.02 [1.01\u20131.03] per 1\u2010year increase and 1.01 [1.00\u20131.02] per 1\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg increase, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">New<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities commonly occur in the course of T1D, consistent with the recognized increasing risk for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>as patients age. Advanced age, increased systolic blood pressure, smoking, and higher HbA1c are independent risk factor for developing major<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>abnormalities, which underscores the importance of tight glucose control in T1D in addition to management of common<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T12:32:07Z","timestamp":1536928327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Progression of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Type 1 Diabetes During 16\u00a0Years of Follow\u2010up: The Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Elsayed Z.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston\u2010Salem, NC"},{"name":"Section on Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston\u2010Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jye\u2010Yu C.","family":"Backlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ionut","family":"Bebu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yabing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston\u2010Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhu\u2010Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston\u2010Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Lachin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the DCCT\/EDIC Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-6-201109200-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.9.978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.434"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2010.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-7-201210020-00514","article-title":"Screening for coronary heart disease with electrocardiography: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"157","author":"Moyer VA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moyer VA. 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