{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:59:56Z","timestamp":1768870796831,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses, including in the heart. Plasma\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              is elevated early in the course of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we hypothesized that plasma\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              may also be increased in acute myocardial ischemia.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Patients undergoing cardiac stress test (stress nuclear myocardial perfusion scan or stress echocardiography) were recruited. Twenty\u2010two patients had a stress test indicative of myocardial ischemia and were compared with 62 patients who had a negative stress test. Plasma\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was measured by ELISA before and after the stress test.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was also measured in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease before and after exercise causing claudication. Gene and protein expression of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was measured in mouse cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Plasma\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was elevated at 5 and 15\u00a0minutes after stress (relative to before stress) in patients with a positive test, compared with those with a negative test. In contrast, high\u2010sensitivity troponin T and C\u2010reactive protein were not altered after stress in either group.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was not altered after exercise in\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAOD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              patients, despite the occurrence of claudication, suggesting that plasma\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              is not a marker for skeletal muscle ischemia. This may be explained by a lower gene and protein expression of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              in skeletal muscle than the heart.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Our results suggest that plasma\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              is an early marker for acute myocardial ischemia.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.003128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T02:54:03Z","timestamp":1467341643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Plasma Macrophage Migration Inhibitor Factor Is Elevated in Response to Myocardial Ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Fenling","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Lei","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuegang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Jun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 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