{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:37:29Z","timestamp":1791214649464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) have been linked to myocardial infarction and stroke in women, with biological and behavioral mechanisms implicated in underlying risk. The third most common cardiovascular illness, venous thromboembolism (\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), is a specific health risk for women. Given previous associations with other cardiovascular diseases, we hypothesized that high levels of trauma and\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms would be associated with higher risk of incident\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n in younger and middle\u2010aged women.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We used proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) and 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s for new\u2010onset\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (960 events) over 22\u00a0years in 49\u00a0296 women in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study\n II<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Compared to no trauma exposure, both trauma exposure and\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms were significantly associated with increased risk of developing\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , adjusting for demographics, family history, and childhood adiposity. Women with the most\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms exhibited the greatest risk elevation: trauma\/6 to 7 symptoms:\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =2.42 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.83\u20133.20); trauma\/4 to 5 symptoms:\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =2.00 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.55\u20132.59); trauma\/1 to 3 symptoms:\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.44 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.12\u20131.84); trauma\/no symptoms:\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1.72 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.43\u20132.08). Results were similar, although attenuated, when adjusting for\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010relevant medications, medical conditions, and health behaviors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Women with the highest\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptom levels had nearly a 2\u2010fold increased risk of\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared to women without trauma exposure in fully adjusted models. Trauma exposure alone was also associated with elevated\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk. Trauma and\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms may be associated with a hypercoagulable state. Treatment providers should be aware that women with trauma exposure and\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms may be vulnerable to\n VTE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.003197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T02:59:36Z","timestamp":1463108376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Associations of Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms With Venous Thromboembolism Over 22\u00a0Years in Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Kubzansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kabrhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. 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