{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:47:30Z","timestamp":1789368450920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Despite evidence for higher risk of coronary artery disease among HIV+ individuals, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated associations of inflammatory markers with subclinical coronary artery disease in 923 participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (575 HIV+ and 348 HIV\u2212 men) who underwent noncontrast computed tomography scans for coronary artery calcification, the majority (n=692) also undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Outcomes included presence and extent of coronary artery calcification, plus computed tomography angiography analysis of presence, composition, and extent of coronary plaques and severity of coronary stenosis. HIV+ men had significantly higher levels of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101, C\u2010reactive protein, and soluble\u2010tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 receptor (sTNF\u03b1R) I and II (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01) and a higher prevalence of noncalcified plaque (63% versus 54%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02) on computed tomography angiography. Among HIV+ men, for every SD increase in log\u2010interleukin\u20106 and log\u00a0intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101, there was a 30% and 60% increase, respectively, in the prevalence of coronary stenosis \u226550% (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). Similarly, sTNF\u03b1R I and II in HIV+ participants were associated with an increase in prevalence of coronary stenosis \u226570% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). Higher levels of interleukin\u20106, sTNF\u03b1R I, and sTNF\u03b1R II were also associated with greater coronary artery calcification score in HIV+ men (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Higher inflammatory marker levels are associated with greater prevalence of coronary stenosis in HIV+ men. Our findings underscore the need for further study to elucidate the relationships of inflammatory pathways with coronary artery disease in HIV+ individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.003371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T17:54:51Z","timestamp":1467222891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Inflammatory Markers Associated With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina A.","family":"Haberlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantea","family":"Rezaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerunne","family":"Ketlogetswe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Palella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallory D.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Kingsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy S.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"WHO UNICEF UNAIDS . 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