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Based on the counteracting anti\u2010inflammatory and cardioprotective functions of ribonuclease A (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase A) in this context, its role in an experimental model of heart transplantation in rats was studied.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Inbred\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \/OrlRj rat cardiac allografts were heterotopically transplanted into inbred\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LEW<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \/OrlRj rats. Recipients were intravenously treated every other day with saline or bovine pancreatic\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase A (50\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg). Toxic side effects were not found (macroscopically and histologically). Heart tissue flow cytometry and quantitative morphological analyses of explanted hearts at postoperative day 1 or postoperative day 4 showed reduced leukocyte infiltration, edema, and thrombus formation in\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase A\u2010treated rats. In allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase A decreased the proliferation of effector T cells.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase A treatment of rats resulted in prolonged median graft survival up to 10.5\u00a0days (interquartile range 1.8) compared to 6.5\u00a0days (interquartile range 1.0) in saline treatment (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001). Treatment of rats with a new generated (recombinant) human pancreatic\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase 1 prolonged median graft survival similarly, unlike treatment with (recombinant) inactive human\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase 1 (each 50\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n              every other day, 11.0\u00a0days, interquartile range 0.3, versus 8.0\u00a0days, interquartile range 0.5,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Upon heart transplantation,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase administration appears to present a promising and safe drug to counteract ischemia\/reperfusion injury and graft rejection. Furthermore,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RN<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ase treatment may be considered in\u00a0situations of critical reperfusion after percutaneous coronary interventions or in cardiac surgery using the heart\u2013lung machine.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.003429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T12:21:10Z","timestamp":1536927670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ribonuclease (RNase) Prolongs Survival of Grafts in Experimental Heart Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Eike","family":"Kleinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 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