{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:54:53Z","timestamp":1787018093656,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">People of South Asian (SAs) and African Caribbean (AC) origin have increased cardiovascular morbidity, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Aging is the key predictor of deterioration in diastolic function, which can be assessed by echocardiography using E\/e\u2032 ratio as a surrogate of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. The study aimed to assess a possibility of premature cardiac aging in SA and AC subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We studied 4540 subjects: 2880 SA and 1660 AC subjects. All participants underwent detailed echocardiography, including LV ejection fraction, average septal\u2010lateral E\/e\u2032, and LV mass index (LVMI). When compared to ACs, SAs were younger, with lower mean LVMI, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and body mass index (BMI), as well as a lower prevalence of hypertension and smoking (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22640.001 for all). In a multivariate linear regression model including age, sex, ethnicity, BP, heart rate, BMI, waist circumference, LVMI, history of smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, medications, SA origin was independently associated with higher E\/e\u2032 (regression coefficient\u00b1standard error, \u22120.66\u00b10.10;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for the model 0.21;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Furthermore, SAs had significantly accelerated age\u2010dependent increase in E\/e\u2032 compared to ACs. On multivariable Cox regression analysis without adjustment for E\/e\u2032, SA ethnicity was independently predictive of mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04). After additional adjustment for E\/e\u2032, the ethnicity lost its significance value, whereas E\/e\u2032 was independently predictive of higher risk of death (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Premature cardiac aging is evident in SAs and may contribute to high cardiovascular morbidity in this ethnic group, compared to ACs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.004110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T05:57:23Z","timestamp":1479103043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Premature Cardiac Aging in South Asian Compared to Afro\u2010Caribbean Subjects in a Community\u2010Based Screening Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Eduard","family":"Shantsila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Shantsila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramjit S.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y.H.","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01415-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors in an urban Indian population: Jaipur Heart Watch\u20102","volume":"54","author":"Gupta R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gupta R, Gupta VP, Sarna M, Bhatnagar S, Thanvi J, Sharma V, Singh AK, Gupta JB, Kaul V. 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