{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:34:24Z","timestamp":1783650864568,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The structural elements of the vascular wall, namely, extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells (\n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s), contribute to the overall stiffness of the vessel. In this study, we examined the crosslinking\u2010dependent and crosslinking\u2010independent roles of tissue transglutaminase (\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2) in vascular function and stiffness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were isolated from the aortae of\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\u2212\/\u2212 and wild\u2010type (\n WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) mice. Cell adhesion was examined by using electrical cell\u2013substrate impedance sensing and PicoGreen assay. Cell motility was examined using a Boyden chamber assay. Cell proliferation was examined by electrical cell\u2013substrate impedance sensing and EdU incorporation assays. Cell micromechanics were studied using magnetic torsion cytometry and spontaneous nanobead tracer motions. Aortic mechanics were examined by tensile testing. Vasoreactivity was studied by wire myography.\n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s from\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\u2212\/\u2212 mice had delayed adhesion, reduced motility, and accelerated de\u2010adhesion and proliferation rates compared with those from\n WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\u2212\/\u2212\n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were stiffer and displayed fewer cytoskeletal remodeling events than\n WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Collagen assembly was delayed in\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\u2212\/\u2212\n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s and recovered with adenoviral transduction of\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2. Aortic rings from\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\u2212\/\u2212 mice were less stiff than those from\n WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; stiffness was partly recovered by incubation with guinea pig liver\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 independent of crosslinking function.\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2\u2212\/\u2212 rings showed augmented response to phenylephrine\u2010mediated vasoconstriction when compared with\n WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In human coronary arteries, vascular media and plaque, high abundance of fibronectin expression, and colocalization with\n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 were observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n TG<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2 modulates vascular function\/tone by altering\n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n contractility independent of its crosslinking function and contributes to vascular stiffness by regulating\n SMC<\/jats:styled-content>\n proliferation and matrix remodeling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.004161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,4]],"date-time":"2017-02-04T01:10:44Z","timestamp":1486170644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Tissue Transglutaminase Modulates Vascular Stiffness and Function Through Crosslinking\u2010Dependent and Crosslinking\u2010Independent Functions"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jochen","family":"Steppan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehudit","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinani","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 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