{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:25:50Z","timestamp":1784726750822,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Bicycling to work may be a viable approach for achieving physical activity that provides cardiovascular health benefits. In this study we investigated the relationship of bicycling to work with incidence of obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired glucose tolerance across a decade of follow\u2010up in middle\u2010aged men and women.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We followed 23\u00a0732 Swedish men and women with a mean age of 43.5\u00a0years at baseline who attended a health examination twice during a 10\u2010year period (1990\u20132011). In multivariable adjusted models we calculated the odds of incident obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, comparing individuals who commuted to work by bicycle with those who used passive modes of transportation. We also examined the relationship of change in commuting mode with incidence of these clinical risk factors. Cycling to work at baseline was associated with lower odds of incident obesity (odds ratio [\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]=0.85, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.73\u20130.99), hypertension (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.87, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.79\u20130.95), hypertriglyceridemia (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.85, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.76\u20130.94), and impaired glucose tolerance (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.88, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.80\u20130.96) compared with passive travel after adjusting for putative confounding factors. Participants who maintained or began bicycling to work during follow\u2010up had lower odds of obesity (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.61, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.50\u20130.73), hypertension (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.89, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.80\u20130.98), hypertriglyceridemia (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.80, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.70\u20130.90), and impaired glucose tolerance (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.82, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.74\u20130.91) compared with participants not cycling to work at both times points or who switched from cycling to other modes of transport during follow\u2010up.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n These data suggest that commuting by bicycle to work is an important strategy for primordial prevention of clinical cardiovascular risk factors among middle\u2010aged men and women.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.004413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T01:11:58Z","timestamp":1477962718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Bicycling to Work and Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk: A Cohort Study Among Swedish Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Gr\u00f8ntved","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Koivula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingegerd","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Wennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Hallmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biobank Research, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frida","family":"Renstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biobank Research, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. 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