{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:59:01Z","timestamp":1787068741536,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n It has been recently reported that histamine H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n receptor antagonists (H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) are associated with impairment of ventricular remodeling and incident heart failure. In addition, favorable pleiotropic effects and adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) on cardiovascular disease have also been reported. We examined the associations of acid suppressive therapy using H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s or\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s with cardiac mortality in patients with heart failure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In total, 1191 consecutive heart failure patients were divided into 3 groups: a non\u2013acid suppressive therapy group (n=363), an H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (n=164), and a\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (n=664). In the follow\u2010up period (mean 995\u00a0days), 169 cardiac deaths occurred. In the Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis, cardiac mortality was significantly lower in the\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n group than in the H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and non\u2013acid suppressive therapy groups (11.0% versus 21.3% and 16.8%, respectively; log\u2010rank\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.004). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, use of\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, but not H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, was found to be an independent predictor of cardiac mortality (\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s: hazard ratio 0.488,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.002; H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s: hazard ratio 0.855,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.579). The propensity\u2010matched 1:1 cohort was assessed based on propensity score (H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, n=164;\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, n=164). Cardiac mortality was significantly lower in the\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n group than in the H2\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n group in the postmatched cohort (log\u2010rank\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.025). In the Cox proportional hazards analysis, the use of\n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s was a predictor of cardiac mortality in the postmatched cohort (hazard ratio 0.528,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.028).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n PPI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s may be associated with better outcome in patients with heart failure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.005110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T20:20:21Z","timestamp":1494966021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Associations of Acid Suppressive Therapy With Cardiac Mortality in Heart Failure Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Akiomi","family":"Yoshihisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Takiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Yokokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Misaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayoshi","family":"Yamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kunii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010ichi","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuchika","family":"Takeishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht271","article-title":"The heart and the gut","volume":"35","author":"Rogler G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rogler G, Rosano G. The heart and the gut. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:426\u2013430.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.070","article-title":"Abdominal contributions to cardiorenal dysfunction in congestive heart failure","volume":"62","author":"Verbrugge FH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Steels P, Grieten L, Malbrain M, Tang WH, Mullens W. Abdominal contributions to cardiorenal dysfunction in congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:485\u2013495.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2174\/138920009787048374","article-title":"The gut and intestinal bacteria in chronic heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Sandek A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sandek A, Anker SD, von Haehling S. The gut and intestinal bacteria in chronic heart failure. Curr Drug Metab. 2009;10:22\u201328.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510100053032","article-title":"Assessment of splanchnic oxygenation by gastric tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure","volume":"270","author":"Maynard N","year":"1993","unstructured":"Maynard N, Bihari D, Beale R, Smithies M, Baldock G, Mason R, McColl I. Assessment of splanchnic oxygenation by gastric tonometry in patients with acute circulatory failure. JAMA. 1993;270:1203\u20131210.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90002-K","article-title":"Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients","volume":"339","author":"Gutierrez G","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gutierrez G, Palizas F, Doglio G, Wainsztein N, Gallesio A, Pacin J, Dubin A, Schiavi E, Jorge M, Pusajo J. Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet. 1992;339:195\u2013199.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.019","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes: incidence, predictors, and clinical implications: analysis from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy) trial","volume":"54","author":"Nikolsky E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nikolsky E, Stone GW, Kirtane AJ, Dangas GD, Lansky AJ, McLaurin B, Lincoff AM, Feit F, Moses JW, Fahy M, Manoukian SV, White HD, Ohman EM, Bertrand ME, Cox DA, Mehran R. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes: incidence, predictors, and clinical implications: analysis from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1293\u20131302.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.444","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"108","author":"Katz PO","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:308\u2013328; quiz 329.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"CD003244","article-title":"Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis","author":"Khan M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;CD003244.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38232.680567.EB","article-title":"The effectiveness of five strategies for the prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs: systematic review","volume":"329","author":"Hooper L","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hooper L, Brown TJ, Elliott R, Payne K, Roberts C, Symmons D. The effectiveness of five strategies for the prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs: systematic review. BMJ. 2004;329:948.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80087-4","article-title":"Healing and relapse rates in gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with the newer proton\u2010pump inhibitors lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and pantoprazole compared with omeprazole, ranitidine, and placebo: evidence from randomized clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Caro JJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Caro JJ, Salas M, Ward A. Healing and relapse rates in gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with the newer proton\u2010pump inhibitors lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and pantoprazole compared with omeprazole, ranitidine, and placebo: evidence from randomized clinical trials. Clin Ther. 2001;23:998\u20131017.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.046","article-title":"Clinical evidence of the role of histamine in heart failure","volume":"67","author":"Kitakaze M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kitakaze M. Clinical evidence of the role of histamine in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1553\u20131555.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.045","article-title":"Histamine H2 receptor antagonists, left ventricular morphology, and heart failure risk: the MESA study","volume":"67","author":"Leary PJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leary PJ, Tedford RJ, Bluemke DA, Bristow MR, Heckbert SR, Kawut SM, Krieger EV, Lima JA, Masri CS, Ralph DD, Shea S, Weiss NS, Kronmal RA. Histamine H2 receptor antagonists, left ventricular morphology, and heart failure risk: the MESA study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1544\u20131552.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0951-9","article-title":"Potential anti\u2010inflammatory effects of proton pump inhibitors: a review and discussion of the clinical implications","volume":"54","author":"Kedika RR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kedika RR, Souza RF, Spechler SJ. Potential anti\u2010inflammatory effects of proton pump inhibitors: a review and discussion of the clinical implications. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54:2312\u20132317.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.00907.x","article-title":"A succinct review of the general and immunological pharmacologic effects of proton pump inhibitors","volume":"33","author":"Namazi MR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Namazi MR, Jowkar F. A succinct review of the general and immunological pharmacologic effects of proton pump inhibitors. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2008;33:215\u2013217.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0614-x","article-title":"Pleiotropic effect of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole leading to suppression of lung inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Ghebremariam YT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghebremariam YT, Cooke JP, Gerhart W, Griego C, Brower JB, Doyle\u2010Eisele M, Moeller BC, Zhou Q, Ho L, de Andrade J, Raghu G, Peterson L, Rivera A, Rosen GD. Pleiotropic effect of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole leading to suppression of lung inflammation and fibrosis. J Transl Med. 2015;13:249.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.06.040","article-title":"Positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects of proton pump inhibitors in isolated rat atrium","volume":"519","author":"Yenisehirli A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yenisehirli A, Onur R. Positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects of proton pump inhibitors in isolated rat atrium. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005;519:259\u2013266.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.12.025","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and lansoprazole induce relaxation of isolated human arteries","volume":"531","author":"Naseri E","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naseri E, Yenisehirli A. Proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and lansoprazole induce relaxation of isolated human arteries. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006;531:226\u2013231.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.07.043","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors as also inhibitors of atrial fibrillation","volume":"718","author":"Lin K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin K, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Shan Z. Proton pump inhibitors as also inhibitors of atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;718:435\u2013440.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7927","article-title":"Adverse effects associated with proton pump inhibitors","volume":"176","author":"Schoenfeld AJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schoenfeld AJ, Grady D. Adverse effects associated with proton pump inhibitors. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:172\u2013174.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.085","article-title":"No consistent evidence of differential cardiovascular risk amongst proton\u2010pump inhibitors when used with clopidogrel: meta\u2010analysis","volume":"167","author":"Kwok CS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwok CS, Jeevanantham V, Dawn B, Loke YK. No consistent evidence of differential cardiovascular risk amongst proton\u2010pump inhibitors when used with clopidogrel: meta\u2010analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:965\u2013974.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197112232852601","article-title":"The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study","volume":"285","author":"McKee PA","year":"1971","unstructured":"McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Kannel WB. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. N Engl J Med. 1971;285:1441\u20131446.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004","article-title":"Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation\u00a0for estimating glomerular filtration rate","volume":"145","author":"Levey AS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, Stevens LA, Zhang YL, Hendriksen S, Kusek JW, Van Lente F; Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology C . Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation\u00a0for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:247\u2013254.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs105","article-title":"ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"14","author":"McMurray JJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez\u2010Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, Kober L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, Ronnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A; Task Force for the D, Treatment of A, Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of C , Bax JJ, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Funck\u2010Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vahanian A, Windecker S, McDonagh T, Sechtem U, Bonet LA, Avraamides P, Ben Lamin HA, Brignole M, Coca A, Cowburn P, Dargie H, Elliott P, Flachskampf FA, Guida GF, Hardman S, Iung B, Merkely B, Mueller C, Nanas JN, Nielsen OW, Orn S, Parissis JT, Ponikowski P; Guidelines ESCCfP . ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14:803\u2013869.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm E","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; Initiative S . Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335:806\u2013808.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non\u2010randomized control group","volume":"17","author":"D'Agostino RB","year":"1998","unstructured":"D'Agostino RB Jr. Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non\u2010randomized control group. Stat Med. 1998;17:2265\u20132281.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr031","article-title":"An overview of the objectives of and the approaches to propensity score analyses","volume":"32","author":"Heinze G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heinze G, Juni P. An overview of the objectives of and the approaches to propensity score analyses. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1704\u20131708.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3150","article-title":"A critical appraisal of propensity\u2010score matching in the medical literature between 1996 and 2003","volume":"27","author":"Austin PC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Austin PC. A critical appraisal of propensity\u2010score matching in the medical literature between 1996 and 2003. Stat Med. 2008;27:2037\u20132049.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.11.103","article-title":"Collagen accumulation and dysfunctional mucosal barrier of the small intestine in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"125","author":"Arutyunov GP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arutyunov GP, Kostyukevich OI, Serov RA, Rylova NV, Bylova NA. Collagen accumulation and dysfunctional mucosal barrier of the small intestine in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2008;125:240\u2013245.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2002.007005","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure: an overview","volume":"90","author":"Anker SD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anker SD, von Haehling S. Inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure: an overview. Heart. 2004;90:464\u2013470.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198812000-00009","article-title":"Prognostic value of gastric intramural pH in surgical intensive care patients","volume":"16","author":"Gys T","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gys T, Hubens A, Neels H, Lauwers LF, Peeters R. Prognostic value of gastric intramural pH in surgical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med. 1988;16:1222\u20131224.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198702000-00015","article-title":"Predictive value of the stomach wall pH for complications after cardiac operations: comparison with other monitoring","volume":"15","author":"Fiddian\u2010Green RG","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fiddian\u2010Green RG, Baker S. Predictive value of the stomach wall pH for complications after cardiac operations: comparison with other monitoring. Crit Care Med. 1987;15:153\u2013156.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302371","article-title":"Concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors: impact on platelet function and clinical outcome\u2010 a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Focks JJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Focks JJ, Brouwer MA, van Oijen MG, Lanas A, Bhatt DL, Verheugt FW. Concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors: impact on platelet function and clinical outcome\u2010 a systematic review. Heart. 2013;99:520\u2013527.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.873497","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients using clopidogrel with proton pump inhibitors after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Rassen JA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rassen JA, Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Schneeweiss S. Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients using clopidogrel with proton pump inhibitors after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2009;120:2322\u20132329.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007964","article-title":"Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease","volume":"363","author":"Bhatt DL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhatt DL, Cryer BL, Contant CF, Cohen M, Lanas A, Schnitzer TJ, Shook TL, Lapuerta P, Goldsmith MA, Laine L, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, Cannon CP; Investigators C . Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1909\u20131917.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr104","article-title":"Use of oral proton pump inhibitors is not associated with harm in patients with chronic heart failure in an ambulatory setting","volume":"13","author":"Oudit GY","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oudit GY, Bakal JA, McAlister FA, Ezekowitz JA. Use of oral proton pump inhibitors is not associated with harm in patients with chronic heart failure in an ambulatory setting. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:1211\u20131215.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308807","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors accelerate endothelial senescence","volume":"118","author":"Yepuri G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yepuri G, Sukhovershin R, Nazari\u2010Shafti TZ, Petrascheck M, Ghebre YT, Cooke JP. Proton pump inhibitors accelerate endothelial senescence. Circ Res. 2016;118:e36\u2013e42.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.7193","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of chronic kidney disease","volume":"176","author":"Lazarus B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lazarus B, Chen Y, Wilson FP, Sang Y, Chang AR, Coresh J, Grams ME. Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of chronic kidney disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:238\u2013246.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E166","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20140074","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of acute kidney injury in older patients: a population\u2010based cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Antoniou T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Antoniou T, Macdonald EM, Hollands S, Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Garg AX, Paterson JM, Juurlink DN. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of acute kidney injury in older patients: a population\u2010based cohort study. CMAJ Open. 2015;3:E166\u2013E171.","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1057800","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors linked to hypomagnesemia: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies","volume":"37","author":"Cheungpasitporn W","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Kittanamongkolchai W, Srivali N, Edmonds PJ, Ungprasert P, O'Corragain OA, Korpaisarn S, Erickson SB. Proton pump inhibitors linked to hypomagnesemia: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of observational studies. Ren Fail. 2015;37:1237\u20131241.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3365-x","article-title":"Proton\u2010pump inhibitors and risk of fractures: an update meta\u2010analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zhou B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou B, Huang Y, Li H, Sun W, Liu J. Proton\u2010pump inhibitors and risk of fractures: an update meta\u2010analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27:339\u2013347.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4791","article-title":"Association of proton pump inhibitors with risk of dementia: a pharmacoepidemiological claims data analysis","volume":"73","author":"Gomm W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomm W, von Holt K, Thome F, Broich K, Maier W, Fink A, Doblhammer G, Haenisch B. Association of proton pump inhibitors with risk of dementia: a pharmacoepidemiological claims data analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73:410\u2013416.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04874.x","article-title":"Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection","volume":"34","author":"Bavishi C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bavishi C, Dupont HL. Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:1269\u20131281.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84890","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084890","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of adverse cardiac events","volume":"8","author":"Juurlink DN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Juurlink DN, Dormuth CR, Huang A, Hellings C, Paterson JM, Raymond C, Kozyrskyj A, Moride Y, Macdonald EM, Mamdani MM. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of adverse cardiac events. PLoS One. 2013;8:e84890.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0628-5","article-title":"CYP2C19 genotype is associated with symptomatic recurrence of GERD during maintenance therapy with low\u2010dose lansoprazole","volume":"65","author":"Furuta T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Furuta T, Sugimoto M, Kodaira C, Nishino M, Yamade M, Ikuma M, Shirai N, Watanabe H, Umemura K, Kimura M, Hishida A. CYP2C19 genotype is associated with symptomatic recurrence of GERD during maintenance therapy with low\u2010dose lansoprazole. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;65:693\u2013698.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.116.005110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T23:35:37Z","timestamp":1760484937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.116.005110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.116.005110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.116.005110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e005110"}}