{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:37:47Z","timestamp":1793425067852,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Heart failure is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. We studied risk factors for incident heart failure among 3557 participants in the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) using serum creatinine, cystatin C, or both, and 24\u2010hour urine albumin excretion. During an average of 6.3\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, 452 participants developed incident heart failure. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and clinical site, hazard ratio (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for heart failure associated with 1\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n lower creatinine\u2010based\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 1.67 (1.49, 1.89), 1\u00a0SD lower cystatin C\u2010based\u2010\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 2.43 (2.10, 2.80), and 1\u00a0SD higher log\u2010albuminuria was 1.65 (1.53, 1.78), all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001. When all 3 kidney function measures were simultaneously included in the model, lower cystatin C\u2010based\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n and higher log\u2010albuminuria remained significantly and directly associated with incidence of heart failure. After adjusting for\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , albuminuria, and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, anemia (1.37, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.09, 1.72,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.006), insulin resistance (1.16, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.04, 1.28,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.006), hemoglobin A1c (1.27, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.14, 1.41,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), interleukin\u20106 (1.15, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.05, 1.25,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.002), and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (1.10, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.00, 1.21,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.05) were all significantly and directly associated with incidence of heart failure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our study indicates that cystatin C\u2010based\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n and albuminuria are better predictors for risk of heart failure compared to creatinine\u2010based\n eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Furthermore, anemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and poor glycemic control are independent risk factors for the development of heart failure among patients with chronic kidney disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.005336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T20:20:16Z","timestamp":1495052416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Risk Factors for Heart Failure in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jiang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine","place":["New Orleans"]},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine","place":["New Orleans"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shlipak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center","place":["San Francisco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold I.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhakrishna Reddy","family":"Kallem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Kanthety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Kusek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","place":["Bethesda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinlolu","family":"Ojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona Health Sciences","place":["Tucson"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboob","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University","place":["Cleveland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Ricardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed Z.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine","place":["Winston Salem"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myles","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine","place":["Durham"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University","place":["Washington"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine","place":["New Orleans"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Lash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","article-title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all\u2010cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta\u2010analysis","volume":"375","author":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium . 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