{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1753889506813,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We hypothesized that caloric restriction (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) and salt restriction (ResS) would have similar effects on reducing cardiovascular risk markers and that combining\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and ResS would be synergistic in modulating these markers.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              To test our hypothesis, rats were randomized into 2 groups: ad\u00a0libitum liberal salt diet (ad\u00a0libitum\/high\u2010sodium, 1.6% sodium) or ResS diet (ad\u00a0libitum\/ResS, 0.03% sodium).\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was initiated in half of the rats in each group by reducing caloric intake to 60% while maintaining sodium intake constant (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \/high\u2010sodium, 2.7% sodium or\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \/ResS, 0.05% sodium) for 4\u00a0weeks.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              in rats on a high\u2010sodium diet improved metabolic parameters, renal transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 and collagen\u20101\u03b11 and increased plasma adiponectin and renal visfatin and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              protein levels. Although\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              produced some beneficial cardiovascular effects (increased sodium excretion and reduced blood pressure), it also was associated with potentially adverse cardiovascular effects. Adrenal zona glomerulosa cell responsiveness and aldosterone levels and activation were inappropriately increased for the volume state of the rodent. Like\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              on\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              on a ResS diet\u00a0also produced relative increased zona glomerulosa responsiveness and an increased blood pressure with no improvement in metabolic parameters.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              These results suggest that combining\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and ResS may decrease the beneficial effects of each alone. Furthermore,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , regardless of dietary salt intake, inappropriately activates aldosterone production. Thus, caution should be used in combining ResS and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              because the combination may lead to increased cardiovascular risk.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.005374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T00:10:20Z","timestamp":1507767020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Combined Salt and Caloric Restrictions: Potential Adverse Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Homma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuefei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korapat","family":"Mayurasakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurul Mahamad","family":"Rodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anis Amalina Abdul","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tham","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail K.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luminita H.","family":"Pojoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000949"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311889"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e318295019e"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"F1675","article-title":"Superiority of salt restriction over diuretics in reducing renal hypertrophy and injury in uninephrectomized SHR","volume":"258","author":"Benstein JA","year":"1990","unstructured":"Benstein JA, Feiner HD, Parker M, Dworkin LD. 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