{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:11:59Z","timestamp":1790226719450,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We prospectively assessed sex\u2010specific differences in health perception, overall symptom status, and specific symptoms in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We performed a prospective multicenter observational cohort study of 1553 patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients completed questionnaires about personal characteristics, comorbidities, and symptoms on a yearly basis. Mean age was 70\u00b111\u00a0years among women and 67\u00b112\u00a0years among men. Health perception on a visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 100 (with higher scores indicating better health perception) was significantly lower in women than in men (70 [interquartile range: 50\u201380] versus 75 [interquartile range: 60\u201385];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). More women than men had any symptoms (85.0% versus 68.3%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), palpitations (65.2% versus 44.4%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), dizziness (25.6% versus 13.5%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), dyspnea (35.7% versus 21.8%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), and fatigue (25.3% versus 19.1%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006). At 1\u2010year follow\u2010up, symptoms decreased in both sexes but remained more frequent in women (49.1% versus 32.6%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). In multivariable adjusted longitudinal regression models, female sex remained an independent predictor for lower health perception (\u00df=\u22124.8; 95% CI, \u22126.5 to \u22123.1;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), any symptoms (odds ratio [\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ]: 2.6; 95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 2.1\u20133.4;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), palpitations (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 2.6; 95% CI, 2.1\u20133.2;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), dizziness (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 2.9; 95% CI, 2.1\u20133.9;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), dyspnea (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6\u20132.8;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), fatigue (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2\u20132.2;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0008), and chest pain (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              : 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3\u20132.6;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Women with atrial fibrillation have a substantially higher symptom burden and lower health perception than men. These relationships persisted after multivariable adjustment and during prospective follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.005401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:40:22Z","timestamp":1498869622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Prospective Assessment of Sex\u2010Related Differences in Symptom Status and Health Perception Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Steffen","family":"Blum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Muff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Aeschbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Erne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab Signal Transduction, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Moschovitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Di Valentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giovanni Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipen","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Schl\u00e4pfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Cardiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"K\u00fchne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sticherling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Osswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Conen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072767.89944.6E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h7013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.2.216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.069450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.0529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euu155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9591-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-300550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Contemporary 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