{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:19:22Z","timestamp":1789690762341,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n A cardioprotective role of morphine acting via opioid receptors has been demonstrated, and previous preclinical studies have reported that morphine could reduce reperfusion injury and myocardial infarct size in a way similar to that of ischemic periconditioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intracoronary morphine on myocardial infarct size in patients with\n ST<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n This study was designed as a 2\u2010center, prospective, randomized, open\u2010label, blinded end point trial. A total of 91\n ST<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010elevation myocardial infarction patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade of 0 to 1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to a morphine or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The morphine group received 3\u00a0mg of morphine sulfate diluted with 3\u00a0mL of normal saline, and the control group received 3\u00a0mL of normal saline into a coronary artery immediately after restoration of coronary flow. The primary end point was myocardial infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging The cardiac magnetic resonance images were evaluated for 42 and 38 patients in the morphine and control groups, respectively. Myocardial infarct size was not different between the 2 groups (25.6\u00b111.2% versus 24.6\u00b110.5%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.77), nor was the extent of microvascular obstruction or myocardial salvage index (6.0\u00b16.3% versus 5.1\u00b14.6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.91; 31.1\u00b115.2% versus 30.3\u00b110.9%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.75, respectively). There was no difference in peak creatine kinase\u2010\n MB<\/jats:styled-content>\n level, final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow, myocardial brush grade, or complete resolution of\n ST<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010segment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Intracoronary morphine administration could not reduce myocardial infarct size in\n ST<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n URL<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n . Unique identifier:\n NCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n 01738100.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.005426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:13:21Z","timestamp":1491264801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cardioprotective Effects of Intracoronary Morphine in ST\u2010Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective, Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hye Bin","family":"Gwag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taek Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Myung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Bin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Hyuk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010A","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Ji","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Chol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, 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