{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:46:28Z","timestamp":1792813588528,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n It is unknown whether the astronaut occupation or exposure to microgravity influences the risk of long\u2010term cardiovascular disease (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). This study explored the effects of being a career National Aeronautics and Space Administration (\n NASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) astronaut on the risk for clinical\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end points.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n During the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health, data were collected on 310\n NASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n astronauts and 981 nonastronaut\n NASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n employees. The nonastronauts were matched to the astronauts on age, sex, and body mass index, to evaluate acute and chronic morbidity and mortality. The primary outcomes were composites of clinical\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end points (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and coronary artery bypass surgery) or coronary artery disease (\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) end points (myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery). Of the astronauts, 5.2% had a clinical\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end point and 2.9% had a\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end point compared with the nonastronaut comparisons with 4.7% and 3.1% having\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end points, respectively. In the multivariate models adjusted for traditional risk factors, astronauts had a similar risk of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with nonastronauts (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 0.60\u20131.93;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.80). Risk of a\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end point was similar between groups (hazard ratio, 0.97;\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 0.45\u20132.08;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.93). In astronauts with early spaceflight experience, the risk of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (hazard ratio, 0.80;\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 0.25\u20132.56;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.71) and\n CAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (hazard ratio, 1.23;\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.27\u20135.61;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.79) compared with astronauts with no experience were not different.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These findings suggest that being an astronaut is not associated with increased long\u2010term risk of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n development.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.005564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:20:15Z","timestamp":1502151615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Incidence Rate of Cardiovascular Disease End Points in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astronaut Corps"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Ade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Broxterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Charvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health KBRwyle, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Barstow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp040236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01162.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00858.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.1.278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.2.517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01332.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"869","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiovascular risks of spaceflight does not support the NASA bioastronautics critical path roadmap","volume":"76","author":"Convertino VA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Convertino VA, Cooke WH. Evaluation of cardiovascular risks of spaceflight does not support the NASA bioastronautics critical path roadmap. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005;76:869\u2013876.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"615","article-title":"Cardiac health for astronauts: current selection standards and their limitations","volume":"76","author":"Hamilton DR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamilton DR, Murray JD, Kapoor D, Kirkpatrick AW. Cardiac health for astronauts: current selection standards and their limitations. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005;76:615\u2013626.","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"NASA HRP . 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