{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:33:40Z","timestamp":1753889620266,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Newly developed white matter (\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) injury is common after cardiopulmonary bypass (\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in severe\/complex congenital heart disease. Fractional anisotropy (\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) allows measurement of macroscopic organization of\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n pathology but has rarely been applied after\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The aims of our animal study were to define\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n alterations and to determine correlations between these changes and cellular events after congenital heart disease surgery.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Normal porcine\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n development was first assessed between 3 and 7\u00a0weeks of age: 3\u2010week\u2010old piglets were randomly assigned to 1 of 3\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced insults.\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n was analyzed in 31\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n structures.\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia were assessed immunohistologically. Normal porcine\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n development resembles human\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n development in early infancy. We found region\u2010specific\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n vulnerability to insults associated with\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n changes after\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n were also insult dependent. Within various\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n areas,\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n within the frontal cortex was susceptible, suggesting that\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the frontal cortex should be a biomarker for\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n injury after\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n increases occur parallel to cellular processes of\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n maturation during normal development; however, they are altered following surgery.\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced oligodendrocyte dysmaturation, astrogliosis, and microglial expansion affect these changes.\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n enabled capturing\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced cellular events 4\u00a0weeks postoperatively. Regions most resilient to\n CPB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced\n FA<\/jats:styled-content>\n reduction were those that maintained mature oligodendrocytes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Reducing alterations of oligodendrocyte development in the frontal cortex can be both a metric and a goal to improve neurodevelopmental impairment in the congenital heart disease population. Studies using this model can provide important data needed to better interpret human imaging studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.005997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T18:25:38Z","timestamp":1504290338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Microstructural Alterations and Oligodendrocyte Dysmaturation in White Matter After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Juvenile Porcine Model"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Gary R.","family":"Stinnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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