{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:22:18Z","timestamp":1760955738926,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Violence against women has become a global public health threat. Data on the potential impact of exposure to violence on cardiovascular disease are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We evaluated the association between exposure to violence and subclinical cardiovascular disease in 634 disease\u2010free women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort who responded to violence\u2010related items from the Life Stressor Checklist and underwent measures of carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness in 2012 and 2013. We defined exposure to violence as having ever been exposed to physical and\/or sexual violence. Intima\u2010media thickness was log\u2010transformed, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was defined as intima\u2010media thickness \u22650.8\u00a0mm or plaque. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models adjusted for several potential confounders. Mean age was 48.9\u00b14.3\u00a0years. Close to 40% of women reported past exposure to violence. The lifetime prevalence of sexual violence was 7.1%, and prevalence of physical violence was 23.5% (7.7% reported both sexual and physical violence). Relative to women with no history of violence, exposure to violence was associated with higher intima\u2010media thickness (adjusted mean percentage difference=2.4%; 95% confidence interval 0.5, 4.3) and subclinical atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio=1.60; 95% confidence interval 1.10, 2.32). The association was stronger for exposure to physical violence, especially by mugging or physical assault by a stranger (adjusted mean % difference=4.6%; 95% confidence interval 1.8, 7.5, and odds ratio of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis=2.06; 95% confidence interval 1.22, 3.49).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Exposure to violence, and in particular assault by a stranger, was strongly associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease in Mexican middle\u2010aged women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.006249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T18:25:38Z","timestamp":1504290338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exposure to Violence and Carotid Artery Intima\u2010Media Thickness in Mexican Women"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mario H.","family":"Flores\u2010Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico"},{"name":"Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekka","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruy","family":"Lopez\u2010Ridaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Yunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Monge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico"},{"name":"Center of Research and Innovation, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ortiz\u2010Panozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cantu\u2010Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Nutrition and Medical Sciences, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arna","family":"Hauksd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Unnur","family":"Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 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