{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:29:47Z","timestamp":1789885787133,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Characterization of myocardial health by bipolar electrograms are critical for ventricular tachycardia therapy. Dependence of bipolar electrograms on electrode orientation may reduce reliability of voltage assessment along the plane of arrhythmic myocardial substrate. Hence, we sought to evaluate voltage assessment from orientation\u2010independent omnipolar electrograms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We mapped the ventricular epicardium of 5 isolated hearts from each species\u2014healthy rabbits, healthy pigs, and diseased humans\u2014under paced conditions. We derived bipolar electrograms and voltage peak\u2010to\u2010peak (Vpps) along 2 bipolar electrode orientations (horizontal and vertical). We derived omnipolar electrograms and Vpps using omnipolar electrogram methodology. Voltage maps were created for both bipoles and omnipole. Electrode orientation affects the bipolar voltage map with an average absolute difference between horizontal and vertical of 0.25\u00b10.18\u00a0mV in humans. Vpps provide larger absolute values than horizontal and vertical bipolar Vpps by 1.6 and 1.4\u00a0mV, respectively, in humans. Bipolar electrograms with the largest Vpps from either along horizontal or vertical orientation are highly correlated with omnipolar electrograms and with Vpps values (0.97\u00b10.08 and 0.94\u00b10.08, respectively). Vpps values are more consistent than bipoles, in both beat\u2010by\u2010beat (CoV, 0.28\u00b10.19 versus 0.08\u00b10.13 in human hearts) and rhythm changes (0.55\u00b10.21 versus 0.40\u00b10.20 in porcine hearts).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Omnipoles provide physiologically relevant and consistent voltages that are along the maximal bipolar direction on the plane of the myocardium.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.006447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T18:25:38Z","timestamp":1504290338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Physiological Assessment of Ventricular Myocardial Voltage Using Omnipolar Electrograms"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Magtibay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Mass\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Asta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Kusha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick F. H.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ali","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreu","family":"Porta\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouvik","family":"Haldar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Malebranche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Labos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Curtis","family":"Deno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott, St. Paul, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumaraswamy","family":"Nanthakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.11.1288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2257772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.889311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.003841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002737"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2005.50155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000092893.11893.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2589158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.116.004107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.134.suppl_1.17771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"0780","article-title":"A data acquisition system for real\u2010time activation detection of cardiac electrograms I: hardware","volume":"13","author":"Mass\u00e9 S","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mass\u00e9 S, Sevaptisidis E, Parson ID, Kimber S, Downar E. 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