{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:10:45Z","timestamp":1791641445776,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) is a common inherited cardiac disease characterized by varying degrees of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. In a large cohort, we compare the outcomes among 3 different hemodynamic groups.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We prospectively enrolled patients fulfilling standard diagnostic criteria for\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              from January 2005 to June 2015. Detailed phenotypic characterization, including peak left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradients at rest and after provocation, was measured by echocardiography. The primary outcome was a composite cardiovascular end point, which included new\u2010onset atrial fibrillation, new sustained ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation, new or worsening heart failure, and death. The mean follow\u2010up was 3.4\u00b12.8\u00a0years. Among the 705 patients with HCM (mean age, 52\u00b115\u00a0years; 62% men), 230 with obstructive HCM were older and had a higher body mass index and New York Heart Association class. The 214 patients with nonobstructive HCM were more likely to have a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. During follow\u2010up, 121 patients experienced a composite cardiovascular end point. Atrial fibrillation occurred most frequently in the obstructive group. Patients with nonobstructive HCM had more frequent sustained ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation events. In multivariate analysis, obstructive (hazard ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.64\u20134.80) and nonobstructive (hazard ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.09\u20133.45) HCM were associated with more adverse events compared with labile\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Nonobstructive\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              carries notable morbidity, including a higher arrhythmic risk than the other\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              groups. Patients with labile\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              have a relatively benign clinical course. Our data suggest detailed sudden cardiac death risk stratification in nonobstructive\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and monitoring with less aggressive management in labile\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.006657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T02:16:18Z","timestamp":1519611378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Nonobstructive, Labile, and Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Dai\u2010Yin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, National Yang\u2010Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iraklis","family":"Pozios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bereketeab","family":"Haileselassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Ventoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars L.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Canepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Phillip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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