{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:54:57Z","timestamp":1787018097956,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      The increased adverse cardiac events in women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting are multifactorial and may include clinical, psychosocial, and biological factors. Potential contributing biological factors could include vascular hyperreactivity of the internal mammary artery (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) to endogenous vasoconstrictors in women, resulting in a predilection to myocardial ischemia. This study evaluated sex differences in serotonin and thromboxane A\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      dependent vasoconstriction in human isolated\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , with the mechanistic role of (1) the endothelium, (2) nitric oxide (NO), (3) prostaglandins, and (4) receptor activity investigated for any observed sex difference.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Viable isolated human\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      segments were obtained from 116 patients (44 women [mean age, 66.8\u00b112.2\u00a0years] and 72 men [mean age, 66.6\u00b110.4\u00a0years]) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Cumulative concentration\u2010response curves for serotonin and thromboxane A\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      mimetic, U46619, were determined and revealed an increased sensitivity to serotonin but not U46619 in women. This sex difference to serotonin was further assessed by the following: (1)\u00a0endothelial denudation, (2) endothelial NO synthase inhibition and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      quantification using electron paramagnetic resonance, (3) cyclooxygenase inhibition and prostaglandin metabolite quantification using mass spectrometry, and (4) quantification of receptor activity status. The female hyperreactivity to serotonin was (1) abolished by endothelial denudation; (2) unaffected by NO synthase inhibition, with no difference in electron paramagnetic resonance\u2013assessed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      levels; (3) abolished by cyclooxygenase inhibition (quantification of prostaglandins in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      revealed a trend towards reduced 6\u2010keto prostaglandin F1\u03b1 in female\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.08); and (4) unrelated to receptor activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      These data indicate that female\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are hyperreactive to serotonin but not U46619, with the former attributable to an endothelium\u2010dependent cyclooxygenase pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.007126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T05:15:13Z","timestamp":1531113313000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mechanisms Responsible for Serotonin Vascular Reactivity Sex Differences in the Internal Mammary Artery"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Lamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine Adelaide Medical 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