{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:38:46Z","timestamp":1768466326767,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n genetic variants confer an increased risk for kidney disease. Their associations with cardiovascular disease (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) are less certain. We aimed to compare the prevalence of subclinical\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and incidence of atherosclerotic\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and heart failure by\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n genotypes among self\u2010identified black participants of MESA (Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Cross\u2010sectional associations of\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n genotypes (high\u2010risk=2 alleles; low\u2010risk=0 or 1 allele) with coronary artery calcification, carotid\u2010intimal media thickness, and left ventricular mass were evaluated using logistic and linear regression. Longitudinal associations of\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n genotypes with incident myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, and congestive heart failure were examined using Cox regression. We adjusted for African ancestry, age, and sex. We also evaluated whether hypertension or kidney function markers explained the observed associations. Among 1746 participants with\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n genotyping (mean age 62\u00a0years, 55% women, mean cystatin C\u2013based estimated glomerular filtration rate 89\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73\u00a0m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , 12% with albuminuria), 12% had the high\u2010risk genotypes. We found no difference in prevalence or severity of coronary artery calcification, carotid\u2010intimal media thickness, or left ventricular mass by\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n genotypes. The\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n high\u2010risk group was 82% more likely to develop incident heart failure compared with the low\u2010risk group (95% confidence interval, 1.01\u20133.28). Adjusting for hypertension (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.00\u20133.24) but not markers of kidney function (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.03\u20133.35) slightly attenuated this association. The\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n high\u2010risk genotypes were not significantly associated with other clinical\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Among blacks without baseline\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , the\n \n APOL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1\n <\/jats:italic>\n high\u2010risk variants may be associated with increased risk for incident heart failure but not subclinical\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n or incident clinical atherosclerotic\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.007199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T01:12:11Z","timestamp":1513905131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association Between\n APOL1<\/i>\n Genotypes and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in MESA (Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Teresa K.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronit","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando M.","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Loyola University, Maywood, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy S.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Shlipak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Wassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen A.","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198910193211603"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00691.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000091586.46532.B4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-010-0861-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310345"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr796"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011090932"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063265"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040388"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07490715"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38220"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4287"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.4652"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011010069"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013091017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013070700"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.41.25576"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.254"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.114.302347"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.115.305970"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.255"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015070763"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.19.2138"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807265"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14306"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018524"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr118"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016030357"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2341040439"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1868"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.12.1333"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpw103"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552737"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003625"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440420033005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.3160"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00278-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.1.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.270"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2016.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.110.959403"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.007199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T10:42:08Z","timestamp":1715596928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.007199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.117.007199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.117.007199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e007199"}}