{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:02:34Z","timestamp":1792180954371,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Uncertainties remain about the current risk of myocardial infarction (\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We undertook a systematic review to estimate the long\u2010term risk of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , compared to recurrent stroke, with temporal trends in ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack patients. Annual risks and 95% confidence intervals (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n and recurrent stroke were estimated using random\u2010effect meta\u2010analyses. We calculated incidence ratios of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/recurrent stroke, for fatal and nonfatal events, using similar analyses. Rate ratios for\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n in patients with potential risk factors compared to those without were calculated using Poisson regression.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n A total of 58 studies (131\u00a0299 patients) with a mean (range) follow\u2010up of 3.5 (1.0\u201010.0) years were included. The risk of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 1.67%\/y (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.36\u20101.98,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n het<\/jats:sub>\n <0.001 for heterogeneity) and decreased over time (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n int<\/jats:sub>\n =0.021); 96% of the heterogeneity between studies was explained by study design, study period, follow\u2010up duration, mean age, proportion of patients on antithrombotic therapy, and incident versus combined ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack. The risk of recurrent stroke was 4.26%\/y (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.43\u20105.09,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n het<\/jats:sub>\n <0.001), with no change over time (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n int<\/jats:sub>\n =0.63). The risk of fatal\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was half the risk of recurrent strokes ending in fatality (incidence ratio=0.51, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.14\u20100.89,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n het<\/jats:sub>\n =0.58). The risk of nonfatal\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 75% smaller than the risk of recurrent nonfatal stroke (incidence ratio=0.25, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.02\u20100.50,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n het<\/jats:sub>\n =0.68). Male sex, hypertension, coronary and peripheral artery diseases were associated with a doubled risk of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n After ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack, the risk of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n is currently <2%\/y, and recurrent stroke is a more common cause of death than\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.007267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T20:20:15Z","timestamp":1516306815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Long\u2010Term Risk of Myocardial Infarction Compared to Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Boulanger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Universit\u00e9 UNICAEN, Inserm U1237","place":["Caen, France"]},{"name":"CHU Caen","place":["Caen, France"]},{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"B\u00e9jot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Burgundy","place":["Dijon, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Touz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Universit\u00e9 UNICAEN, Inserm U1237","place":["Caen, France"]},{"name":"CHU Caen","place":["Caen, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00572-3","article-title":"Stroke subtype and mortality. 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