{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:37:15Z","timestamp":1793155035398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Wildfire smoke is known to exacerbate respiratory conditions; however, evidence for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events has been inconsistent, despite biological plausibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      A population\u2010based epidemiologic analysis was conducted for daily cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency department (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) visits and wildfire smoke exposure in 2015 among adults in 8 California air basins. A quasi\u2010Poisson regression model was used for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">zip<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      code\u2010level counts of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      visits, adjusting for heat index, day of week, seasonality, and population. Satellite\u2010imaged smoke plumes were classified as light, medium, or dense based on model\u2010estimated concentrations of fine particulate matter. Relative risk was determined for smoky days for lag days 0 to 4. Rates of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      visits by age\u2010 and sex\u2010stratified groups were also examined. Rates of all\u2010cause cardiovascular\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      visits were elevated across all lags, with the greatest increase on dense smoke days and among those aged \u226565\u00a0years at lag 0 (relative risk 1.15, 95% confidence interval [1.09, 1.22]). All\u2010cause cerebrovascular visits were associated with smoke, especially among those 65\u00a0years and older, (1.22 [1.00, 1.49], dense smoke, lag 1). Respiratory conditions were also increased, as anticipated (1.18 [1.08, 1.28], adults &gt;65 years, dense smoke, lag 1). No association was found for the control condition, acute appendicitis. Elevated risks for individual diagnoses included myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, dysrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Analysis of an extensive wildfire season found smoke exposure to be associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      visits for all adults, particularly for those over aged 65 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.007492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T06:20:12Z","timestamp":1523427612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Emergency Department Visits Associated With Wildfire Smoke Exposure in California in 2015"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Wettstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumi","family":"Hoshiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahan","family":"Fahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Occupational Health Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne E.","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana G.","family":"Rappold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128834"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0329-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-007-9363-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370600985875"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803894"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010751"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409277"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-016-0146-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","first-page":"e4f959951cce2c","article-title":"Health impacts of wildfires","volume":"4","author":"Finlay SE","year":"2012","unstructured":"Finlay SE, Moffat A, Gazzard R, Baker D, Murray V. 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