{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T21:41:45Z","timestamp":1788903705149,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The purpose of this study was to examine associations between several types of police\u2010recorded crime (violent, nonviolent, and homicide) and cardiometabolic health (obesity and elevated blood pressure [BP]), and to determine if associations were modified by age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We analyzed cross\u2010sectional data (N=14\u00a0799 patients) from 3 primary care clinics at an academic medical center in Chicago, IL. Patient\u2010level health data were obtained from the electronic health record (June 1, 2014\u2013May 31, 2015), including body mass index and BP, and linked to the City of Chicago Police Data Portal. Geocoded crime counts were aggregated to census tract and calculated as the annual crime rate per 1000 population. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess obesity and BP status as a function of crime rate quartile, controlling for patient, clinic, and neighborhood characteristics. Median violent crime rates in each quartile ranged from 15 to 84 per 1000 population. Median age was 56\u00a0years (interquartile range, 38\u201372\u00a0years); 42% of patients were obese and 33% had elevated BP. Compared with patients living in the lowest quartile, patients living in the highest quartile for violent crime had 53% higher adjusted odds of obesity (95% confidence interval, 1.15\u20132.03) and 25% higher adjusted odds of elevated BP (95% confidence interval, 1.01\u20131.56). In subanalyses examining homicide, a relatively rare event, exposure was not associated with obesity and was inconsistently associated with elevated BP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In a densely populated, high\u2010poverty region in Chicago, recurrent exposure to high rates of violent crime was consistently associated with obesity and elevated BP, but rare exposure to homicide was not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.008030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T05:05:12Z","timestamp":1521867912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Police\u2010Recorded Crime and Disparities in Obesity and Blood Pressure Status in Chicago"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Tung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Internal Medicine and Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen E.","family":"Wroblewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Makelarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica E.","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of General Internal Medicine and Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, IL"},{"name":"MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy Tessler","family":"Lindau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL"},{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2010Geriatrics, MacLean Center on Clinical Medical Ethics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Friedman M Grawert A Cullen J. 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