{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:35:51Z","timestamp":1781613351141,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Heart rate (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) recovery has been investigated in specific patient cohorts, but there is less information about the role of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery in general populations. We investigated whether\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery has long\u2010term prognostic significance in primary prevention.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Exercise tests performed between 1993 and 2010 on patients aged 30 to 79\u00a0years without cardiovascular disease were included. Mortality was determined from Mayo Clinic records and Minnesota Death Index. Total,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cardiovascular<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , and non\u2010cardiovascular mortality was reported according to\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery &lt;13\u00a0bpm using Cox regression. 19\u00a0551 patients were included, 6756 women (35%), age 51\u00b110\u00a0years. There were 1271 deaths over follow\u2010up of 12\u00b15\u00a0years.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery declined after age 60, and was also lower according to diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, current smoking, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness but not sex or \u03b2\u2010blockers. Adjusting for these factors, abnormal\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery was a significant predictor of total (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.56 [1.384\u20131.77]), cardiovascular (1.95 [1.57\u20132.42]), and non\u2010cardiovascular death (1.41 [1.22\u20131.64]). Hazard ratios for cardiovascular death according to abnormal\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery were significant in all age groups (30\u201359, 60\u201369, 70\u201379), in both sexes, in patients with and without hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, but not in patients taking \u03b2\u2010blockers, current smokers, and patients with normal cardiorespiratory fitness.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              recovery is a powerful prognostic factor predicting total, cardiovascular, and non\u2010cardiovascular death in a primary prevention cohort. It performs consistently well according to sex, age, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus but shows diminished utility in patients taking \u03b2\u2010blockers, current smokers, and patients with normal cardiorespiratory fitness.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.117.008143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T09:05:13Z","timestamp":1522055113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Prognostic Performance of Heart Rate Recovery on an Exercise Test in a Primary Prevention Population"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"N\u00f3ra","family":"Syd\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"},{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Syd\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Csolnoky Ferenc Hospital, Veszpr\u00e9m, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina A.","family":"Gonzalez Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shausha","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Merkely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Lopez\u2010Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 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