{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:28:39Z","timestamp":1790022519871,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              There are several mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress and abnormal calcium homeostasis, involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. In diabetes mellitus (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ), increased oxidative\u00a0stress may be attributable to higher xanthine oxidase activity. In this study, we examined the relationship between oxidative stress and atrial electrical and structural remodeling, and calcium handling abnormalities, and the potential beneficial effects of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol upon these pathological changes.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Ninety rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: control, DM, and allopurinol\u2010treated DM group. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic assessments were performed in\u00a0vivo. Serum and tissue markers of oxidative stress and atrial fibrosis, including the protein expression were examined. Atrial interstitial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson trichrome staining. I\n              <jats:sub>CaL<\/jats:sub>\n              was measured from isolated left atrial cardiomyocytes using voltage\u2010clamp techniques. Confocal microscopy was used to detect intracellular calcium transients. The Ca\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              handling protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Mitochondrial\u2010related proteins were analyzed as markers of mitochondrial function. Compared with the control group, rabbits with DM showed left ventricular hypertrophy, increased atrial interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis markers, I\n              <jats:sub>CaL<\/jats:sub>\n              and intracellular calcium transient, and atrial fibrillation inducibility. These abnormalities were alleviated by allopurinol treatment.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Allopurinol, via its antioxidant effects, reduces atrial mechanical, structural, ion channel remodeling and mitochondrial synthesis abnormalities induced by DM\u2010related increases in oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.008807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T09:20:12Z","timestamp":1525252812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Allopurinol Prevents Oxidative Stress\u2010Mediated Atrial Remodeling in Alloxan\u2010Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yajuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic\u2010Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic\u2010Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuchun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic\u2010Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical 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