{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:07:05Z","timestamp":1787242025701,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Data on the true burden of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure (HF) in a real\u2010world setting are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Incidence rates of hyperkalemia (first blood test with a potassium level &gt;5.0\u00a0mmol\/L) in primary or hospital care were assessed in a population\u2010based cohort of patients with incident HF diagnoses in northern Denmark from 2000 to 2012. Risk factors and clinical outcomes were compared in patients with HF with versus without hyperkalemia. Of 31\u00a0649 patients with HF, 39% experienced hyperkalemia (mean follow\u2010up, 2.2\u00a0years). Risks of experiencing a second, third, or fourth event were 43%, 54%, and 60%, respectively. Among patients with HF with stage 3A, 3B, 4, or 5 kidney dysfunction, 26%, 35%, 44%, and 48% experienced hyperkalemia within the first year. Important hyperkalemia risk factors included chronic kidney disease (prevalence ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43\u22121.49), diabetes mellitus (prevalence ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32\u22121.45), and spironolactone use (prevalence ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.42\u22121.54). In patients with HF who developed hyperkalemia, 53% had any acute\u2010care hospitalization 6\u00a0months before the hyperkalemia event, increasing to 74% 6\u00a0months after hyperkalemia (before\u2010after risk ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.38\u22121.44). Compared with matched patients with HF without hyperkalemia, adjusted 6\u2010month hazard ratios in patients with hyperkalemia were 2.75\u2010fold (95% CI, 2.65\u20132.85) higher for acute\u2010care hospitalization and 3.39\u2010fold (95% CI, 3.19\u20133.61) higher for death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Almost 4 in 10 patients with HF develop hyperkalemia, and many patients have recurrent hyperkalemia episodes. Hyperkalemia risk is strongly associated with degree of reduced kidney function and use of spironolactone. Hyperkalemia is associated with severe clinical outcomes and death in HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.008912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,22]],"date-time":"2018-05-22T05:15:14Z","timestamp":1526966114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Elevated Potassium Levels in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure: Occurrence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Reimar Wernich","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sia Kromann","family":"Nicolaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Hasvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, AstraZeneca Nordic, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Garcia\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Adelborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Egfjord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Egstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Svendborg Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Toft","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.486"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.15-3-239"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1414112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvv026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.226"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3748"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035279"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S17901"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","first-page":"798","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Danish national prescription registry","volume":"46","author":"Potteg\u00e5rd A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Potteg\u00e5rd A, Schmidt SA, Wallach\u2010Kildemoes H, S\u00f8rensen HT, Hallas J, Schmidt M. 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Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46:798\u2013798f.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012832"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2203"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5813"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01730215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-009-0037-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.09.038"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.008912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T06:57:30Z","timestamp":1715583450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.008912"}},"subtitle":["A Danish Population\u2010Based Cohort Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.118.008912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.008912","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e008912"}}