{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T21:14:56Z","timestamp":1775337296566,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Infants with critical congenital heart disease (\n CCHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) are more likely to be small for gestational age (GA). It is unclear how this affects mortality. The authors investigated the effect of birth weight\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score on 1\u2010year mortality separately in preterm (GA <37\u00a0weeks), early\u2010term (GA 37\u201338\u00a0weeks), and full\u2010term (GA 39\u201342\u00a0weeks) infants with\n CCHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Live\u2010born infants with\n CCHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n 22 to 42\u00a0weeks born in California 2007\u20132012 were included in the analysis. The primary predictor was\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score for birth weight and the primary outcome was 1\u2010year mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used. Results are presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (\n CIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). The authors identified 6903 infants with\n CCHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . For preterm and full\u2010term infants, only a\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score for birth weight <\u22122 was associated with increased mortality compared with the reference group (\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score 0\u20130.5, adjusted odds ratio, 2.15 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.1\u20134.21] and adjusted odds ratio, 3.93 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2.32\u20136.68], respectively). In contrast, in early\u2010term infants, the adjusted odds ratios for\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n scores <\u22122, \u22122 to \u22121, and \u22121 to \u22120.5 were 3.42 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.93\u20136.04), 1.78 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.12\u20132.83), and 2.03 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.27\u20133.23), respectively, versus the reference group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n seems to modify the effect of birth weight\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score on mortality in infants with\n CCHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In preterm and full\u2010term infants, only the most severe small\u2010for\u2010GA infants (\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score <\u22122) were at increased risk for mortality, while, in early\u2010term infants, the risk extended to mild to moderate small\u2010for\u2010GA infants (\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n score <\u22120.5). This information helps to identify high\u2010risk infants and is useful for surgical planning.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.009693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T18:20:49Z","timestamp":1537208449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of Fetal Growth on 1\u2010Year Mortality in Neonates With Critical Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Martina A.","family":"Steurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Peyvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Oltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Rand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelli K.","family":"Ryckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sky K.","family":"Feuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Stanford University Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randi A.","family":"Paynter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita J.","family":"Moon\u2010Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta L.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Jelliffe\u2010Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"California Preterm Birth Initiative 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