{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:11:28Z","timestamp":1791850288401,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Smoke\u2010free legislation has been associated with reductions in secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unknown whether smoke\u2010free policies are associated with reductions in blood pressure (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Longitudinal data from 2606 nonsmoking adult participants of the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARDIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study (1995\u20132011) were linked to state, county, and local\u2010level 100% smoke\u2010free policies in bars, restaurants, and\/or nonhospitality workplaces based on participants\u2019 census tract of residence. Mixed\u2010effects models estimated associations of policies with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and hypertension trajectories over 15\u00a0years of follow\u2010up. Fixed\u2010effects regression estimated associations of smoke\u2010free policies with within\u2010person changes in systolic and diastolic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and hypertension. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, health\u2010related, and policy\/geographic covariates. Smoke\u2010free policies were associated with between\u2010person differences and within\u2010person changes in systolic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Participants living in areas with smoke\u2010free policies had lower systolic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on average at the end of follow\u2010up compared with those in areas without policies (adjusted predicted mean differences [in mm\u00a0Hg]: restaurant: \u22121.14 [95% confidence interval: \u22122.15, \u22120.12]; bar: \u22121.52 [\u22122.48, \u22120.57]; workplace: \u22121.41 [\u22122.32, \u22120.50]). Smoke\u2010free policies in restaurants and bars were associated with mean within\u2010person reductions in systolic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of \u22120.85 (\u22121.61, \u22120.09) and \u22121.08 (\u22121.82, \u22120.34), respectively. Only restaurant policies were associated with a significant within\u2010person reduction in diastolic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , of \u22120.58 (\u22121.15, \u22120.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">While the magnitude of associations was small at the individual level, results suggest a potential mechanism through which reductions in secondhand smoke because of smoke\u2010free policies may improve population\u2010level cardiovascular health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.009829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T12:05:47Z","timestamp":1543925147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Associations of Smoke\u2010Free Policies in Restaurants, Bars, and Workplaces With Blood Pressure Changes in the CARDIA Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Mayne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota School of Public Health Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota School of Public Health Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Widome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of Minnesota School of Public Health Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Gordon\u2010Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarri N.","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . The health consequences of smoking\u201450\u00a0years of progress. A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta GA. 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"CD005992","article-title":"Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption","volume":"2","author":"Frazer K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frazer K, Callinan JE, McHugh J, van Baarsel S, Clarke A, Doherty K, Kelleher C. Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2:CD005992.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . The health benefits of smoking cessation: a report of the surgeon general. DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 90\u20108416. 1990."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-529"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.121301"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32833a3911"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958769"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/912354"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002276"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"American Nonsmokers Rights Foundation. U.S. Tobacco control laws database. Available at: http:\/\/no-smoke.org\/materials-services\/lists-maps\/#1518200878061-ebc83fdc-2d6c. Accessed March 26 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"Missouri Census Data Center . Mable\/geocorr[12] version 1.2: Geographic correspondence engine. 2015. Last modified on December 20 2017. Available at: http:\/\/mcdc.missouri.edu\/websas\/geocorr12.html. Accessed March 26 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1082"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2165"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics . Consumer price index. 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-198911000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)01299-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"Orzechowski W Walker RC. The tax burden on tobacco. Arlington VA: Orzechowski and Walker; 2014;49."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412993869"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w13317","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13317","article-title":"Improved health of hospitality workers after a Swiss cantonal smoking ban","volume":"141","author":"Durham AD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Durham AD, Bergier S, Morisod X, Locatelli I, Zellweger JP, Huynh CK, Cornuz J. Improved health of hospitality workers after a Swiss cantonal smoking ban. Swiss Med Wkly. 2011;141:w13317.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1085OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000262"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0706740"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558716668646"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.20548"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90154-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005082-200301000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.5678"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu193"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.009829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T08:55:11Z","timestamp":1775292911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.009829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.118.009829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.009829","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e009829"}}