{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:23:39Z","timestamp":1783117419180,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) is a proinflammatory biomarker associated with immune activation and fibrinolysis inhibition. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20101) is associated with excessive fibrin accumulation, thrombus formation, and atherosclerosis. The relationship between cross\u2010coronary su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20101 production and endothelial dysfunction remains unknown.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Seventy\u2010nine patients (age 53\u00b110\u00a0years, 75% women) with angina and normal coronary arteries or mild coronary artery disease (&lt;40% stenosis) on angiogram underwent acetylcholine assessment of epicardial endothelial dysfunction (mid\u2013left anterior descending coronary artery diameter decrease &gt;20% after acetylcholine) and mircovascular endothelial dysfunction (coronary blood flow change &lt;50% after acetylcholine). Simultaneous left main and coronary sinus su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20101 levels were measured in each patient before acetylcholine administration, and cross\u2010coronary su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20101 production rates were calculated. Patients\u2019 characteristics, except for age (51\u00b110 versus 57\u00b19,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02), and resting coronary hemodynamics were not significantly different between patients with (26%) versus without (74%) epicardial endothelial dysfunction. Patients\u2019 characteristics and resting coronary hemodynamics were not significantly different between those with (62%) and those without (38%) mircovascular endothelial dysfunction. Patients with mircovascular endothelial dysfunction demonstrated local coronary su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              production versus su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              extraction in patients with normal microvascular function (median 25.8 [interquartile range 121.6, \u221223.7] versus \u221212.7 [52.0, \u221274.8] ng\/min,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03). Patients with epicardial endothelial dysfunction had higher median coronary\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20101 production rates compared with those with normal epicardial endothelial function (1224.7 [12\u00a0940.7, \u22121915.4] versus \u2212187.4 [4444.7, \u22124535.8] ng\/min,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              su\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              is released in coronary circulation of patients with mircovascular endothelial dysfunction and extracted in those with normal microvascular function. Cross\u2010coronary\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u20101 release is higher in humans with epicardial endothelial dysfunction.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.009881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T06:43:15Z","timestamp":1537080195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Local Production of Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor\u20101 in the Coronary Circulation Is Associated With Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Michel T.","family":"Corban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester 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