{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:03:05Z","timestamp":1792728185672,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Hypertension is highly prevalent during chronic kidney disease (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) and, in turn, worsens\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              prognosis. We aimed to describe the determinants of uncontrolled and resistant hypertension during\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We analyzed baseline data from patients with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              stage 1 to 5 (NephroTest cohort) who underwent thorough renal explorations, including measurements of glomerular filtration rate (clearance of\n              <jats:sup>51<\/jats:sup>\n              Cr\u2010EDTA) and of extracellular water (volume of distribution of the tracer). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ; average of 3 office measurements) \u2265140\/90\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. In 2015 patients (mean age, 58.7\u00b115.3\u00a0years; 67% men; mean glomerular filtration rate, 42\u00b115\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73 m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ), prevalence of hypertension was 88%. Among hypertensive patients, 44% and 32% had uncontrolled (\u2265140\/90\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg) and resistant (uncontrolled\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              despite 3 drugs, including a diuretic, or \u22654 drugs, including a diuretic, regardless of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              level) hypertension, respectively. In multivariable analysis, extracellular water, older age, higher albuminuria, diabetic nephropathy, and the absence of aldosterone blockers were independently associated with uncontrolled\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              . Extracellular water, older age, lower glomerular filtration rate, higher albuminuria and body mass index, male sex, African origin, diabetes mellitus, and diabetic and glomerular nephropathies were associated with resistant hypertension.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              In this large population of patients with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , a lower glomerular filtration rate, a higher body mass index, diabetic status, and African origin were associated with hypertension severity but not with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n              control. Higher extracellular water, older age, and higher albuminuria were independent determinants of both resistant and uncontrolled hypertension during\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CKD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              . Our results advocate for the large use of diuretics in this population.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.010278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T09:00:28Z","timestamp":1537347628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Extracellular Fluid Volume Is an Independent Determinant of Uncontrolled and Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: A NephroTest Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Vidal\u2010Petiot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Bichat and Inserm U1149 Paris France"},{"name":"Paris Diderot University Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris 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