{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:54:22Z","timestamp":1786686862198,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n We have demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of the angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), is associated with beneficial effects on gut pathology. Coupled with the evidence that\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n exerts prolonged reduction in blood pressure (\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) after discontinuation of treatment, we investigate whether persistent beneficial actions of\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n are linked to alterations of gut microbiota and improvement of hypertension\u2010induced gut pathology.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Spontaneously hypertensive rats (\n SHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and Wistar Kyoto rats were treated with\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n (250\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) for 4\u00a0weeks followed by withdrawal for 16\u00a0weeks. Gut microbiota, gut pathology,\n BP,<\/jats:styled-content>\n and brain neuronal activity were assessed.\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n resulted in a \u224860\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg decrease in systolic\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n after 3\u00a0weeks of treatment in\n SHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and the decrease remained significant at least 5\u00a0weeks after\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n withdrawal. In contrast,\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n caused modest decrease in systolic\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n in Wistar Kyoto. 16S\n rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n gene\u2010sequencing\u2013based gut microbial analyses in\n SHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed sustained alteration of gut microbiota and increase in\n Allobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n after\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n withdrawal. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis revealed significant increase in bacterial sporulation upon\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment in\n SHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . These were associated with persistent improvement in gut pathology and permeability. Furthermore, manganese\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed significantly decreased neuronal activity in the posterior pituitary of\n SHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\u00a0weeks after withdrawal.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Decreased\n BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , altered gut microbiota, improved gut pathology and permeability, and dampened posterior pituitary neuronal activity were maintained after\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n withdrawal in the\n SHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n . They suggest that\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n influences the brain\u2010gut axis to maintain the sustained antihypertensive effect of\n CAP<\/jats:styled-content>\n after withdrawal.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.010721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T10:12:38Z","timestamp":1550052758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Sustained Captopril\u2010Induced Reduction in Blood Pressure Is Associated With Alterations in Gut\u2010Brain Axis in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville 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