{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:45:08Z","timestamp":1790477108605,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Despite the epidemiological associations between psychological stress, depression, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, no studies have examined the relation between naturally occurring psychosocial stressors and directly measured microvascular function in adults with major depressive disorder (\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). We tested the hypothesis that young adults with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n exposed to everyday psychosocial stressors would exhibit more severe impairments in endothelium\u2010dependent dilation (\n EDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) compared with: (1) healthy nondepressed adults (\n HCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); and (2) adults with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n without acute psychosocial stress exposure.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\n HCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n (22\u00b11\u00a0years) and 23 otherwise healthy adults with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (20\u00b10.3\u00a0years) participated in the study. Participants completed a psychosocial experiences survey to document their exposure to any of 6 stressors over the preceding 24 hours (eg, arguments, work stressors). Red cell flux (laser Doppler flowmetry) was measured during graded intradermal microdialysis perfusion of acetylcholine (10\n \u221210<\/jats:sup>\n to 10\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n mol\/L).\n EDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was expressed as a percentage of maximum vascular conductance (flux\/mm\u00a0Hg). Multiple linear regression was used to determine the associations between stress,\n EDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Adults with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n reported a greater number and severity of psychosocial stressors compared with\n HCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05).\n EDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was blunted in adults with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n HCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 91\u00b12 versus\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 74\u00b13%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001). Exposure to any stressor was related to more severe impairments in\n EDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in patients with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (no stressor: 81\u00b13 versus 1+ stressors: 69\u00b15%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.04) but not in\n HCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.48).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n These data indicate that exposure to everyday psychosocial stressors is associated with greater impairments in endothelial function in patients with\n MDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , suggesting a potential mechanistic link between daily stress and depression in increased cardiovascular risk.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.010825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T16:42:48Z","timestamp":1549903368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Self\u2010Reported Everyday Psychosocial Stressors Are Associated With Greater Impairments in Endothelial Function in Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jody L.","family":"Greaney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Noll Laboratory Department of Kinesiology The Pennsylvania State University State College PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Koffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies The Pennsylvania State University State College PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika F. 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