{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:21:45Z","timestamp":1791062505616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Psychological factors are associated with an increased risk of developing ischemic heart disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). Women more often report psychological factors, and sex and gender differences are present in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . In this meta\u2010analysis we examine the risks of psychological factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      incidence in women and men. We hypothesize that a broad range of psychological factors are related to a higher risk for incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , with a higher risk for women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      PubMed,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and Psyc\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INFO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were searched for studies assessing the risk between psychological factors and incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Psychological factors included depression, anxiety or panic disorder, social support, hostility, anger, personality (type D), type A behavior pattern, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress. In the primary analyses, 62 studies (77 separate reports) that included 2\u00a0145\u00a0679 women and 3\u00a0119\u00a0879 men and reported confounder\u2010adjusted hazard ratios or relative risks were included. Pooled effect confounder\u2010adjusted estimates from random\u2010effects models showed that psychological factors (all combined) were associated with incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in women (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.14\u20131.30) and men (hazard ratio: 1.25; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.19\u20131.31). No sex and gender differences were found for these pooled effect estimates (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.547).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Psychological factors are associated with incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in both women and men, but no significant differences were observed between women and men.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is predominantly being studied as obstructive coronary artery disease, which is more prevalent in men. Data are needed on psychological predictors and other manifestations of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      such as coronary microvascular disease, which is more common in women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.010859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T05:04:16Z","timestamp":1556514256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Sex\u2010 and Gender\u2010Stratified Risks of Psychological Factors for Incident Ischemic Heart Disease: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Veerle R.","family":"Smaardijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lodder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Methodology and Statistics Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem J.","family":"Kop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"van Gennep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela H.E.M.","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula M. C.","family":"Mommersteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS) Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"WHO . Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 2017. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-311921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"WHO . Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181f6934f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mommersteeg PMC Smaardijk VR Lodder P Kop WJ van Gennep B Maas AHEM. Replication data for: sex and gender\u2010stratified risks of psychological factors for incident ischemic heart disease and prognosis: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. 2018.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7348.1247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0540-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181dbab87"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-014-9435-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000153813.64165.5D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000240779.55022.ff"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000040949.22044.C6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm3101_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38833.479560.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314520785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.124685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000041624.96580.1F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31819e6706"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.033076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.10.1153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200103000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.9.1261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312467874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000149626.50127.d0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9637-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.07.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000188242.64590.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.2716"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.645366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2002.00941.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07061018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.3.289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50064.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817bccaf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.18.1951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000171159.86446.9e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.019786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.827642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.496695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v72i0.21223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00379-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0371-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01864.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.067"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.010859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:39:51Z","timestamp":1715585991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.010859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.118.010859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.010859","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e010859"}}