{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:44:49Z","timestamp":1792896289531,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Many patients with heart failure (\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) with reduced ejection fraction (\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) experience improvement or recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (\n LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Data on clinical characteristics, outcomes, and medical therapy in patients with HF with improved ejection fraction (HFiEF) are scarce.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 5625 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the KorAHF (Registry [Prospective Cohort] for Heart Failure in Korea) study, 5103 patients had baseline echocardiography and 2302 patients had follow\u2010up echocardiography at 12\u00a0months.\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotypes were defined as persistent\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u226440% at baseline and at 1\u2010year follow\u2010up),\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n i\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u226440% at baseline and improved up to 40% at 1\u2010year follow\u2010up),\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n with midrange ejection fraction (LVEF between 40% and <50%), and\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n with preserved ejection fraction (\n LVEF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u226550%). The primary outcome was 4\u2010year all\u2010cause mortality from the time of\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n i\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis. Among 1509\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients who had echocardiography 1\u00a0year after index hospitalization, 720 (31.3%) were diagnosed as having\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n i\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Younger age, female sex, de novo\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and \u03b2\u2010blocker use were positive predictors and diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease were negative predictors of\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n i\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . During 4\u2010year follow\u2010up, patients with\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n i\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed lower mortality than those with persistent\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n r\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n in univariate, multivariate, and propensity\u2010score\u2013matched analyses. \u03b2\u2010Blockers, but not renin\u2013angiotensin system inhibitors or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, were associated with a reduced all\u2010cause mortality risk (hazard ratio: 0.59; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 0.40\u20130.87;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.007). Benefits for outcome seemed similar among patients receiving low\u2010 or high\u2010dose \u03b2\u2010blockers (log\u2010rank,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.304).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n i\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n is a distinct\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype with better clinical outcomes than other phenotypes. The use of \u03b2\u2010blockers may be beneficial for these patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n URL<\/jats:styled-content>\n :\n https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n . Unique identifier: NCT01389843.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T10:13:13Z","timestamp":1552039993000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Characteristics, Outcomes, and Treatment of Heart Failure With Improved Ejection Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Chan Soon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Division of Cardiology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mebazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Saint Louis Lariboisi\u00e8re APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Huslw Dept Anesthesie University Paris Diderot Paris France"},{"name":"Laboratoire Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situations de stress UMR 942 Inserm Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il\u2010Young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Division of Cardiology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Ah","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Jai","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kye Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Research Center Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung\u2010Su","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine Wonju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok\u2010Min","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hong","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Seok","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae\u2010Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Asan Medical Center Seoul Republic of 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