{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:38:16Z","timestamp":1792658296938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n At present, the association between maternal viral infection and risk of congenital heart diseases (\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in offspring is uncertain; additionally, a complete overview is missing. A meta\u2010analysis of observational studies was performed to address the question of whether women who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy were at an increased risk of\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in offspring, compared with mothers without viral infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Unrestricted searches were conducted, with an end date parameter of July 15, 2018, of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Libraries, and Chinese databases, to identify studies that met prestated inclusion criteria. Seventeen case\u2010control studies involving 67\u00a0233 women were included for analysis. Both fixed\u2010effects models (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.58\u20132.12;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001) and random\u2010effects models (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2.28; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.54\u20133.36;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.0001) suggested that mothers who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy experienced a significantly increased risk of developing\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in offspring. For specific viral infections, the risk of developing\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in offspring was significantly increased among mothers with rubella virus (OR, 3.49, 95% CI, 2.39\u20135.11 in fixed\u2010effects models; and OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.75\u20137.15 in random\u2010effects models) and cytomegalovirus (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.87\u20138.36 in fixed\u2010effects models) in early pregnancy; however, other maternal viral infections in early pregnancy were not significantly associated with risk of\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in offspring. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. No evidence of publication bias was observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Although the role of potential bias and evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, the present study suggests that maternal viral infection is significantly associated with risk of\n CHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in offspring.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,18]],"date-time":"2019-04-18T09:01:44Z","timestamp":1555578104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Maternal Viral Infection and Risk of Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tubao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senmao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2013-028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"252","article-title":"Systematic review of the prevalence of perinatal congenital heart disease","volume":"9","author":"Yu ZB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu ZB, Han SP, Chen XH, Sun XF, Dong XY, Hu XS, Guo XR. 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