{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:03:21Z","timestamp":1778817801215,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n This study assessed the effect of blockading neural transmission in the ganglionated plexi by injecting lidocaine into fat pads in the vagal nerve stimulation canine model and patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n An efficacy test of lidocaine injection was performed in 7 canines. During vagal nerve stimulation,\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was sustained for >5\u00a0minutes. The lidocaine was injected into ganglionated plexi during sinus rhythm and reinduction of\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was attempted. Six patients with persistent\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n were studied at open heart surgery. Lidocaine was injected into ganglionated plexi. Atrial electrograms were recorded from 96 epicardial electrodes covering Bachmann's bundle and atrial appendages. In the canine vagal nerve stimulation\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n model,\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n was not inducible in 4 of 7 after lidocaine injection. In patients with persistent\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , during baseline\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , there was a left atrium (\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010to\u2010right atrium (\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) frequency gradient (\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , mean cycle length [\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 175\u00b117\u00a0ms;\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , mean\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 192\u00b117\u00a0ms;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01). After lidocaine injection,\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n persisted in all patients, and the\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010to\u2010\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n frequency gradient disappeared (\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , mean\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 186\u00b113\u00a0ms;\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , mean\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 199\u00b123\u00a0ms;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.08). Comparison of mean\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s before and after lidocaine demonstrated prolongation of\n LA CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05) with no effect on\n RA CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n In the canine vagal nerve stimulation\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n model, lidocaine injection decreased inducibility of\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In patients with persistent\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , atrial electrograms from the\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n had shorter\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s than\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , indicating an\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010to\u2010\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n frequency gradient. Lidocaine injection significantly prolonged only\n LA CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, explaining disappearance of the\n LA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010to\u2010\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n frequency gradient. The mechanism of localized atrial electrogram\n CL<\/jats:styled-content>\n prolongation in patients with persistent\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n is uncertain.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T09:00:25Z","timestamp":1557392425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Lidocaine Injection of Ganglionated Plexi in a Canine Model and Patients With Persistent and Long\u2010Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Seungyup","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Khrestian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert L.","family":"Waldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeen M.","family":"Khrestian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valve Center Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayakumar","family":"Sahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199702)247:2<289::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20000801)259:4<353::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.06.1172"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303772"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq332"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.919829"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2009.01515.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02270.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.12.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079755"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.06.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13079"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.961854"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.115.003199"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.02.152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.737023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.969519"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130645.95357.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005274"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.784272"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.011401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:47:48Z","timestamp":1715600868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.011401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.118.011401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.118.011401","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e011401"}}