{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:12:59Z","timestamp":1792289579302,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Evidence linking individual\u2010level maternal folic acid supplementation to offspring risk of congenital heart defects is lacking. We investigated whether folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces offspring risk of heart defects in 2 large birth cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Women recruited in early pregnancy within the DNBC (Danish National Birth Cohort), 1996\u20132003, and MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study), 2000\u20132009, were followed until delivery. Information on periconceptional intake of folic acid and other supplements was linked with information on heart defects from national registers. Among 197\u00a0123 births, we identified 2247 individuals with heart defects (114\/10\u00a0000). Periconceptional (4\u00a0weeks before through 8\u00a0weeks after conception) use of folic acid plus other supplements (54.8%), folic acid only (12.2%), and non\u2013folic acid supplements (5.0%) were compared with no supplement use (28.0%); the adjusted relative risks of heart defects were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.80\u20131.22), 1.08 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 0.93\u20131.25), and 1.07 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 0.97\u20131.19), respectively. For initiation of folic acid in the preconception period weeks \u22124 to \u22121 (33.7%) and the postconception periods 0 to 4\u00a0weeks (15.5%), 5 to 8\u00a0weeks (17.8%), and 9 to 12\u00a0weeks (4.6%), compared with no or late folic acid intake (29.1%), relative risks of heart defect were 1.11 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 1.00\u20131.25), 1.09 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 0.95\u20131.25), 0.98 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 0.86\u20131.12), and 0.97 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 0.78\u20131.20), respectively. Relative risks of severe defects, conotruncal defects, and septal defects showed similar results.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Folic acid was not associated with offspring risk of heart defects, including severe defects, conotruncal defects, or septal defects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1552381342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Association Between Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring in Birth Cohorts From Denmark and Norway"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"\u00d8yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjurdur F.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Basit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Leirgul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University Hospital Bergen 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