{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:46:09Z","timestamp":1792691169099,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n People living with\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) experience higher risk of myocardial infarction (\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and heart failure (\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) compared with uninfected individuals. Risk of other cardiovascular diseases (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) in\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n has received less attention.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We studied 19\u00a0798\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 59\u00a0302 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched uninfected individuals identified from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases in the period 2009 to 2015. Incidence of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, including\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, stroke and any\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related hospitalization, were identified using validated algorithms. We used adjusted Cox models to estimate hazard ratios and 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n end points and performed probabilistic bias analysis to control for unmeasured confounding by race. After a mean follow\u2010up of 20\u00a0months, patients experienced 154\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, 223\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 93 stroke, 397 atrial fibrillation, 98 peripheral artery disease, and 935\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n hospitalizations (rates per 1000 person\u2010years: 1.2, 1.7, 0.7, 3.0, 0.8, and 7.1, respectively). Hazard ratios (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) comparing\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n with uninfected controls were 1.3 (0.9\u20131.9) for\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 3.2 (2.4\u20134.2) for\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2.7 (1.7\u20134.0) for stroke, 1.2 (1.0\u20131.5) for atrial fibrillation, 1.1 (0.7\u20131.7) for peripheral artery disease, and 1.7 (1.5\u20132.0) for any\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n hospitalization. Adjustment for unmeasured confounding led to similar associations (1.2 [0.8\u20131.8] for\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2.8 [2.0\u20133.8] for\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2.3 [1.5\u20133.6] for stroke, 1.3 [1.0\u20131.7] for atrial fibrillation, 0.9 [0.5\u20131.4] for peripheral artery disease, and 1.6 [1.3\u20131.9] for\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n hospitalization).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n In a large health insurance database,\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n have an elevated risk of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , particularly\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n and stroke. With the aging of the\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n population, developing interventions for cardiovascular health promotion and\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n prevention is imperative.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.012241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:01:13Z","timestamp":1562112073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["HIV Infection and Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Analysis of a Large Healthcare Database"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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