{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:23:07Z","timestamp":1791235387804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is an X\u2010linked disease that causes progressive muscle weakness. Affected boys typically die from respiratory or cardiac failure. Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is genetically homologous with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and causes analogous skeletal and cardiac muscle disease. Previous studies have detailed features of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cardiomyopathy in mostly young dogs. Cardiac disease is not well characterized in adult\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dogs, and cardiac magnetic resonance (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) imaging studies have not been completed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We evaluated echocardiography and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in 24 adult\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dogs at different ages. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, wall thickness, and myocardial strain were assessed with echocardiography. Features evaluated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      included left ventricular function, chamber size, myocardial mass, and late gadolinium enhancement. Our results largely paralleled those of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cardiomyopathy. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening correlated well with age, with systolic dysfunction occurring at \u224830 to 45\u00a0months. Circumferential strain was more sensitive than ejection fraction in early disease detection. Evidence of left ventricular chamber dilatation provided proof of dilated cardiomyopathy. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging showed\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010like left ventricular lateral wall lesions and earlier involvement of the anterior septum. Multiple functional indexes were graded objectively and added, with and without late gadolinium enhancement, to give cardiac and cardiomyopathy scores of disease severity. Consistent with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , there was parallel skeletal muscle involvement, as tibiotarsal joint flexion torque declined in tandem with cardiac function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      This study established parallels of progressive cardiomyopathy between dystrophic dogs and boys, further validating\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as a model of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cardiac disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.012443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T05:08:08Z","timestamp":1565759288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Natural History of Cardiomyopathy in Adult Dogs With Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lee\u2010Jae","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M Institute for Preclinical Studies College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Soslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda K.","family":"Bettis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Nghiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Lenox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe N.","family":"Kornegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Spurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research Children's National Health System Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/330754a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Improvement of survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: retrospective analysis of 835 patients","volume":"31","author":"Passamano L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Passamano L, Taglia A, Palladino A, Viggiano E, D'Ambrosio P, Scutifero M, Rosaria Cecio M, Torre V, DE Luca F, Picillo E, Paciello O, Piluso G, Nigro G, Politano L. 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