{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:06:08Z","timestamp":1790791568281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Survivors of stroke face movement disability and increased cardiovascular disease and stroke risk. Treatment includes rehabilitation focused on functional movement with less emphasis on aerobic capacity. After rehabilitation, survivors of stroke must self\u2010manage activity with limited appropriate community programs. Lack of structured activity contributes to sedentary behavior. The objective of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis is to review aerobic programs for stroke survivors similar in activity and dosage to cardiac rehabilitation programs to determine their efficacy for improving aerobic and walking capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to review 5 databases. Group interventions for survivors of stroke with a primary aerobic component and dosage from 18 to 36 visits over 8 to 18\u00a0weeks (matching cardiac rehabilitation requirements in the United States) were included. The 6\u2010minute walk test, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) peak, and walking speed were included as measures of aerobic capacity. Summary effect sizes and outcome measure mean differences were calculated for preintervention to postintervention, and summary effect sizes were calculated for preintervention to follow\u2010up. Activity type and initial 6\u2010minute walk test moderator analyses were performed. Nineteen studies with 23 eligible groups were selected. Survivors of stroke improved their composite aerobic capacity with an effect size of 0.38 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.27\u20130.49). Studies including 6\u2010minute walk test demonstrated a pooled difference in means of 53.3\u00a0m (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 36.8\u201369.8\u00a0m). Follow\u2010up data were inconclusive.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Survivors of stroke benefit from aerobic programs with similar dosing to cardiac rehabilitation in the United States. The potential integration into existing programs could expand the community exercise options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.012761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1565758927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Are Aerobic Programs Similar in Design to Cardiac Rehabilitation Beneficial for Survivors of Stroke? A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Regan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reed","family":"Handlery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Beets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy L.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000116183.50167.D9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0167-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000174192.87887.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National Health Interview Survey glossary. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/physical_activity\/pa_glossary.htm. Accessed March 28 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1803-277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1047967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzx038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-200009000-00076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services . Medicare claims processing manual chapter 32\u2014billing requirements for special services. Available at: https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Regulations-and-Guidance\/Guidance\/Manuals\/downloads\/clm104c32.pdf. Accessed October 23 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-200503000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0b013e31824d2ab3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507081580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.620187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513502211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Regan EW. Aerobic programs similar to cardiac rehabilitation for stroke: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Open Science Framework. 2019. Available at: osf.io\/ge2sh. Accessed June 18 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"Database PPE . PEDro Scale. https:\/\/www.pedro.org.au\/english\/downloads\/pedro-scale\/. Accessed April 17 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(09)70043-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182a518e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000199061.85897.b7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315619696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006002107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"f1392","article-title":"Meta\u2010analyses: how to read a funnel plot","volume":"346","author":"Sedgwick P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sedgwick P. Meta\u2010analyses: how to read a funnel plot. BMJ. 2013;346: f1392.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164490502001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00934.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e318274d082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311418675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.16.04322-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01707.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Improved exercise capacity in patients after minor ischemic stroke undergoing a supervised exercise training program","volume":"10","author":"Tanne D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanne D, Tsabari R, Chechik O, Orion D, Schwammenthal Y, Philips T, Schwammenthal E, Adler Y. Improved exercise capacity in patients after minor ischemic stroke undergoing a supervised exercise training program. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10:113\u2013116.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90018-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.06.762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.16.04224-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e318208ee6c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","first-page":"726","article-title":"Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature","volume":"9","author":"Page P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Page P. Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014;9:726.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410017215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e318262dbd0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2013-0236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurx.2006.07.011"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.012761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:38:46Z","timestamp":1715585926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.012761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.012761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.012761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e012761"}}