{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:45:22Z","timestamp":1791999922477,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Data on racial disparities in major adverse cardiovascular events (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and major hemorrhage (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) after percutaneous coronary intervention are limited. Factors contributing to these disparities are unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      i\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ME<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010GGAT (Pharmacogenomic Resource to Improve Medication Effectiveness\u2013Genotype\u2010Guided Antiplatelet Therapy) is a prospective cohort. Patients aged \u226518\u00a0years undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled and followed for up to 1\u00a0year. Racial disparities in risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were assessed using an incident rate ratio. Sequential cumulative adjustment analyses were performed to identify factors contributing to these disparities. Data from 919 patients were included in the analysis. Compared with white patients, black patients (n=203; 22.1% of the cohort) were younger and were more likely to be female, to be a smoker, and to have higher body mass index, lower socioeconomic status, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease, and presentation with acute coronary syndrome and to undergo urgent percutaneous coronary intervention. The incident rates of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (34.1% versus 18.2% per 100\u00a0person\u2010years,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (17.7% versus 10.3% per 100\u00a0person\u2010years,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02) were higher in black patients. The incident rate ratio was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3\u20132.6;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and 1.7 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.1\u20132. 7;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02) for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . After adjustment for nonclinical and clinical factors, black race was not significantly associated with outcomes. Rather, differences in socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and coronary heart disease severity were attributed to racial disparities in outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Despite receiving similar treatment, racial disparities in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      still exist. Opportunities exist to narrow these disparities by mitigating the identified contributors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.012874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T10:37:31Z","timestamp":1573209451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Major Hemorrhage Among White and Black Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anping","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrisly","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Hillegass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science and Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitta C.","family":"Brott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera A.","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert J.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh V.","family":"Halade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumanth D.","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita A.","family":"Limdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics . National Health Interview Survey 2015. Public\u2010use data file and documentation: NCHS tabulations. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/nhis_2015_data_release.htm. Accessed February 28 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09894-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67222-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.3802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.22.2489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.29865"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826e1058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008070802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Ake CF Carpenter AL. Extending the use of PROC PHREG in survival analysis. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Western Users of SAS Software Inc. Users Group Conference Cary NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-5-200903030-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.907998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.847459.108.847459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000150335.01285.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-12-1010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.11.2508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.068668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2015.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00485-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005890"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.012874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:24:23Z","timestamp":1715585063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.012874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.012874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.012874","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e012874"}}