{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:23:49Z","timestamp":1782818629819,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We previously found that the structural defects of the coronary collateral microcirculation reserve (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) prevent these preformed collateral vessels from continuously delivering the native collateral blood and supporting the ischemic myocardium in rats. Here, we tested whether these native collaterals can be remodeled by artificially increasing pigment epithelium\u2013derived factor (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) expression and demonstrated the mechanism for this stimulation.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We performed intramyocardial gene delivery (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              \u2010lentivirus, 2\u00d710\n              <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n              \u00a0TU) along the left anterior descending coronary artery to artificially increase the expression of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              in the tissue of the region for 2\u00a0weeks. By blocking the left anterior descending coronary artery, we examined the effects of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              on native collateral blood flow and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              . The results of positron emission tomography perfusion imaging showed that\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              increased the native collateral blood flow and significantly inhibited its decline during acute myocardial infarction. In addition, the number of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              vessels decreased and the size increased. Similar results were obtained from in\u00a0vitro experiments. We tested whether\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              induces\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              remodeling in a fluid shear stress\u2013like manner by detecting proteins and signaling pathways that are closely related to fluid shear stress. The nitric oxide pathway and the Notch\u20101 pathway participated in the process of\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              remodeling induced by\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEDF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              treatment activates the nitric oxide pathway, and the Notch\u20101 pathway enabled\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n              remodeling. Increasing the native collateral blood flow can promote the ventricular remodeling process and improve prognosis after acute myocardial infarction.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.013323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T10:00:27Z","timestamp":1573639227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pigment Epithelium\u2013Derived Factor Increases Native Collateral Blood Flow to Improve Cardiac Function and Induce Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Xiucheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 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