{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:52:49Z","timestamp":1793137969041,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Fetal magnetocardiography (\n fMCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a highly effective technique for evaluation of fetuses with life\u2010threatening arrhythmia, but its dissemination has been constrained by the high cost and complexity of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) instrumentation. Optically pumped magnetometers (\n OPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) are a promising new technology that can replace\n SQUID<\/jats:styled-content>\n s for\u00a0many applications. This study compares the performance of an\n fMCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n system, utilizing\n OPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n s operating in a person\u2010sized magnetic shield, to that of a conventional\n fMCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n system, utilizing\n SQUID<\/jats:styled-content>\n magnetometers operating in a magnetically shielded room.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n fMCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n recordings were made in 24 subjects using the\n SQUID<\/jats:styled-content>\n system with the mother lying supine in a magnetically shielded room and the\n OPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n system with the mother lying prone in a person\u2010sized, cylindrical shield. Signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratios of the\n OPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n SQUID<\/jats:styled-content>\n recordings were not statistically different and were adequate for diagnostic purposes with both technologies. Although the environmental noise was higher using the small open\u2010ended shield, this was offset by the higher signal amplitude achieved with prone positioning, which reduced the distance between the fetus and sensors and improved patient comfort. In several subjects,\n fMCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n provided a differential diagnosis that was more precise and\/or definitive than was possible with echocardiography alone.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n OPM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010based system was portable, improved patient comfort, and performed as well as the\n SQUID<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010based system at a small fraction of the cost. Electrophysiological assessment of fetal rhythm is now practical and will have a major impact on management of fetuses with long\n QT<\/jats:styled-content>\n syndrome and other life\u2010threatening arrhythmias.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.013436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T05:05:32Z","timestamp":1565327132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Low\u2010Cost Fetal Magnetocardiography: A Comparison of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and Optically Pumped Magnetometers"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Strand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Lutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janette F.","family":"Strasburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Wisconsin\u2010 Milwaukee Milwaukee WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QuSpin, Inc. Louisville CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oswaldo","family":"Baffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics FFCLRP Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald T.","family":"Wakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin Madison WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004840"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.06.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Neuromagnetic instrumentation","volume":"54","author":"Fagaly RL","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fagaly RL. Neuromagnetic instrumentation. Adv Neurol. 1990;54:11\u201332.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01484"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2160635"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.872822"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00307-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2392722"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa93d1"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.013436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:38:30Z","timestamp":1715585910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.013436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.013436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.013436","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e013436"}}