{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:53:50Z","timestamp":1788382430056,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Women represent a large proportion of the growing heart failure (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) epidemic, yet data are lacking regarding optimal dietary and lifestyle prevention strategies for them. Specifically, the association between magnesium intake and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              in a multiracial cohort of women is uncertain.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We included 97\u00a0725 postmenopausal women from the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) observational studies and placebo arms of the hormone trial. Magnesium intake was measured at baseline by a 122\u2010item validated food\u2010frequency questionnaire and stratified into quartiles based on diet only, total intake (diet with supplements), and residual intake (calibration by total energy). Incident hospitalized\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (2153 events, median follow\u2010up 8.1\u00a0years) was adjudicated by medical record abstraction. In Cox proportional hazards models, we evaluated the association between magnesium intake and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were repeated on a subcohort (n=18\u00a0745; median\u2010follow\u2010up, 13.2\u00a0years) for whom\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              cases were subclassified into preserved ejection fraction (526 events), reduced ejection fraction (291 events) or unknown (168 events). Most women were white (85%) with a mean age of 63. Compared with the highest quartile of magnesium intake, women in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of incident\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.32 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 1.02\u20131.71) for diet only (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              trend=0.03), 1.26 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 1.03\u20131.56) for total intake, and 1.31 (95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 1.02\u20131.67) for residual intake. Results did not significantly vary by race. Subcohort analyses showed low residual magnesium intake was associated with HF with reduced ejection fraction (hazard ratio, 1.81, lowest versus highest quartile; 95%\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , 1.08\u20133.05) but not HF with preserved ejection fraction.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Low magnesium intake in a multiracial cohort of postmenopausal women was associated with a higher risk of incident\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              , especially HF with reduced ejection fraction.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.013570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T09:00:25Z","timestamp":1584694825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Relationship Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Incident Heart Failure Among Older Women: The WHI"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2834-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Chih","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Veterans Affairs Medical Center &amp; The Miriam Hospital Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengna","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey H.","family":"Taveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Veterans Affairs Medical Center &amp; The Miriam Hospital Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI"},{"name":"University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy Kingston RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Care and Prevention and the Department of Family Medicine Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island Pawtucket RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa W.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Wellenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn E.","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Care and Prevention and the Department of Family Medicine Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island Pawtucket RI"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000152"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000114"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02964-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"CD004640","article-title":"Magnesium supplementation for the management of essential hypertension in adults","author":"Dickinson HO","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dickinson HO, Nicolson DJ, Campbell F, Cook JV, Beyer FR, Ford GA, Mason J. 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