{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:10:39Z","timestamp":1793056239752,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Hypertension remains a leading global cause for premature death and disease. Most treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of risk factors, but not all are known, modifiable, or easily avoided. Population blood pressure correlates with latitude and is lower in summer than winter. Seasonal variations in sunlight exposure account for these differences, with temperature believed to be the main contributor. Recent research indicates that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      light enhances nitric oxide availability by mobilizing storage forms in the skin, suggesting incident solar\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      radiation may lower blood pressure. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the association between environmental\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      exposure and systolic blood pressure (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in a large cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients in whom\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      is determined regularly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We studied 342\u00a0457 patients (36% black, 64% white) at 2178 US dialysis centers over 3\u00a0years. Incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      radiation and temperature data for each clinic location were retrieved from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database. Linear mixed effects models with adjustment for ambient temperature, sex\/age, body mass index, serum Na\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and other covariates were fitted to each location and combined estimates of associations calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird procedure. Pre\u2010dialysis\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      varied by season and was \u22484\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg higher in black patients. Temperature,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were all linearly and inversely associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . This relationship remained statistically significant after correcting for temperature.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      In hemodialysis patients, in addition to environmental temperature, incident solar\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      radiation is associated with lower\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . This raises the possibility that insufficient sunlight is a new risk factor for hypertension, perhaps even in the general population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.013837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T05:00:29Z","timestamp":1582866029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Does Incident Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Lower Blood Pressure?"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Weller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuedong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics &amp; Applied Probability University of California \u2010 Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics &amp; Applied Probability University of California \u2010 Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin W.","family":"Maddux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Care Analytics Fresenius Medical Care North America Waltham MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Len","family":"Usvyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Care Analytics Fresenius Medical Care North America Waltham MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Institute New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Feelisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Sciences Faculty of Medicine, and Institute for Life Sciences Southampton General Hospital University of Southampton United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kotanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Research Institute New York NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Masked hypertension: understanding its complexity","volume":"38","author":"Franklin SS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franklin SS, O'Brien E, Staessen JA. 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