{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:00:59Z","timestamp":1793318459059,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">While elevated homocysteine has been associated with calcification in several studies, its importance as a cardiovascular risk factor remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between homocysteine and vascular and valve calcification in the MESA (Multi\u2010ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MESA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      participants with baseline homocysteine measurements and cardiac computed tomography scans were included (N=6789). Baseline and follow\u2010up assessment of vascular (coronary artery [CAC], descending thoracic aorta [DTAC]) and valve (aortic valve [AVC], mitral annular [MAC]) calcification was performed. Prevalence ratio\/relative risk regression was used to assess the relationship of homocysteine with prevalent and incident calcification, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between homocysteine and calcification progression. Elevated homocysteine was associated with greater relative risk of prevalent and incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and incident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . We also identified a strong association between elevated homocysteine and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      progression. Elevated homocysteine was found to confer a &gt;2\u2010fold increased risk of severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      progression (defined as \u0394\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2265100\/year) and an \u22481.5\u2010fold increased risk for severe\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      progression (defined as \u0394\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2265100\/year).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating an association between elevated homocysteine and both incidence and progression of coronary and extra\u2010coronary vascular calcification. Our findings suggest a potential role for elevated homocysteine as a risk factor for severe vascular calcification progression. Future studies are warranted to further assess the utility of homocysteine as a biomarker for vascular calcification incidence and progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Unique identifier:\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      00005487.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.013934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T05:00:30Z","timestamp":1580360430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Association Between Homocysteine and Vascular Calcification Incidence, Prevalence, and Progression in the MESA Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Karger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine &amp; Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine &amp; Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah O.","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine &amp; Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parveen K.","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moyses","family":"Szklo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Center at Harbor\u2010UCLA Torrance CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine &amp; Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Vascular pathology of homocysteinemia: implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis","volume":"56","author":"McCully KS","year":"1969","unstructured":"McCully KS. 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