{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:08:14Z","timestamp":1784675294748,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between\n              <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              ) infection and atherosclerosis through undefined mechanisms. Endothelial dysfunction is critical to the development of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection impaires endothelial function through exosome\u2010mediated mechanisms.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Young male and female patients (18\u201035 years old) with and without\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection were recruited to minimize the chance of potential risk factors for endothelial dysfunction for the study. Endothelium\u2010dependent flow\u2010mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery was evaluated in the patients and control subjects. Mouse infection models with CagA\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              from a gastric ulcer patient were created to determine if\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection\u2010induced endothelial dysfunction could be reproduced in animal models.\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection significantly decreased endothelium\u2010dependent flow\u2010mediated vasodilatation in young patients and significantly attenuated acetylcholine\u2010induced endothelium\u2010dependent aortic relaxation without change in nitroglycerin\u2010induced endothelium\u2010independent vascular relaxation in mice.\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              eradication significantly improved endothelium\u2010dependent vasodilation in both patients and mice with\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection. Exosomes from conditioned media of human gastric epithelial cells cultured with CagA\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              or serum exosomes from patients and mice with\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection significantly decreased endothelial functions with decreased migration, tube formation, and proliferation in vitro. Inhibition of exosome secretion with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GW<\/jats:styled-content>\n              4869 effectively preserved endothelial function in mice with\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection impaired endothelial function in patients and mice through exosome\u2010medicated mechanisms. The findings indicated that\n              <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n              infection might be a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T09:08:18Z","timestamp":1584263298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            Infection Impairs Endothelial Function Through an Exosome\u2010Mediated Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshu","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingzi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinjie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"},{"name":"Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Flaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duanfang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"},{"name":"Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9917-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Missouri School Columbia MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canxia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Gastroenterology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.14.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3054-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2007.00477.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1116673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.042168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"67","author":"Jokinen E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jokinen E. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Minerva Pediatr. 2015;67:25\u201332.","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5824-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection enhances atherosclerosis in high\u2010cholesterol diet fed C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"38","author":"Chen XH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen XH, Wang JB, Wang YS, Liu ZM, Li Y. Helicobacter pylori infection enhances atherosclerosis in high\u2010cholesterol diet fed C57BL\/6 mice. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2010;38:259\u2013263.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309106600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0102.102270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.302855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i18.5226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in aortic and left internal mammary artery biopsies","volume":"35","author":"Iriz E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iriz E, Cirak MY, Engin ED, Zor MH, Erer D, Ozdogan ME, Turet S, Yener A. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in aortic and left internal mammary artery biopsies. Tex Heart Inst J. 2008;35:130\u2013135.","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"333","article-title":"Detection of cytomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori DNA in arterial walls with grade III atherosclerosis by PCR","volume":"55","author":"Kilic A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kilic A, Onguru O, Tugcu H, Kilic S, Guney C, Bilge Y. Detection of cytomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori DNA in arterial walls with grade III atherosclerosis by PCR. Pol J Microbiol. 2006;55:333\u2013337.","journal-title":"Pol J Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20132964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"S2","article-title":"HIV\u20101 Nef protein is secreted into vesicles that can fuse with target cells and virions","volume":"18","author":"Campbell TD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Campbell TD, Khan M, Huang MB, Bond VC, Powell MD. HIV\u20101 Nef protein is secreted into vesicles that can fuse with target cells and virions. Ethn Dis. 2008;18:S2\u2013S14.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.549659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01746-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4927964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529108996241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1998.00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"A guide to wire myography","volume":"108","author":"Spiers A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spiers A, Padmanabhan N. A guide to wire myography. Methods Mol Med. 2005;108:91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.113.209189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids","volume":"3","author":"Thery C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thery C, Amigorena S, Raposo G, Clayton A. Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids. Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2006;3:3\u201322.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S173110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200502000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2016.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02542.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/426309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2008.00627.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2017.63.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00240.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-338004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890500472151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(03)00500-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/685903"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T10:55:41Z","timestamp":1715597741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.014120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.014120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e014120"}}