{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:45:59Z","timestamp":1788435959422,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a heterogeneous form of pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis that requires multiple forms of intervention. We present a patient\u2010specific in\u00a0vitro platform capable of sustained flow that can be used to train proceduralists and surgical teams in current interventions, as well as in developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat various vascular anomalies. Our objective is to develop an in\u00a0vitro model of PA stenosis based on patient data that can be used as an in\u00a0vitro phantom to model cardiovascular disease and explore potential interventions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              From patient\u2010specific scans obtained via computer tomography or 3\u2010dimensional (3D) rotational angiography, we generated digital 3D models of the arteries. Subsequently, in\u00a0vitro models of tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were first 3D printed using biocompatible resins and next bioprinted using gelatin methacrylate hydrogel to simulate neonatal vasculature or second\u2010order branches of an older patient with tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Printed models were used to study creation of extraluminal connection between an atretic PA and a major aortopulmonary collateral artery using a catheter\u2010based interventional method. Following the recanalization, engineered\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>\n              constructs were perfused and flow was visualized using contrast agents and x\u2010ray angiography. Further, computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to analyze flow in the recanalized model.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">New 3D\u2010printed and computational fluid dynamics models for vascular atresia were successfully created. We demonstrated the unique capability of a printed model to develop a novel technique for establishing blood flow in atretic vessels using clinical imaging, together with 3D bioprinting\u2013based tissue engineering techniques. Additive biomanufacturing technologies can enable fabrication of functional vascular phantoms to model PA stenosis conditions that can help develop novel clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T10:00:37Z","timestamp":1575972037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Patient\u2010Specific 3\u2010Dimensional\u2013Bioprinted Model for In Vitro Analysis and Treatment Planning of Pulmonary Artery Atresia in Tetralogy of Fallot and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Tomov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Cetnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Bauser\u2010Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA"},{"name":"Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA"},{"name":"Sibley Heart Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Serpooshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA"},{"name":"Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.07.087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.6.1234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.11.086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35303-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikitichev DI Patel P Avery J Robertson LJ Bucking TM Aristovich KY Maneas E Desjardins AE Vercauteren T. 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