{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:55:45Z","timestamp":1790650545499,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              The prevalence of depression and\/or anxiety disorders is reported to be higher in patients with heart failure (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) than in the general population, and patients with HF also have coexisting cognitive problems. Recently, the development of near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) has enabled noninvasive measurements of regional cerebral blood volume and brain activity, in terms of cerebral oxyhemoglobin in the cerebral cortex, with a high time resolution. The aim of the current study was to determine the associations between frontal brain activity and depressive symptoms, anxiety status, and cognitive function in patients with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We measured and compared frontal brain activity determined by\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n              during a verbal fluency task in patients with HF (n=35) and control subjects (n=28). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for assessment of depressive symptoms, State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory for assessment of anxiety status, Mini\u2010Mental State Examination for assessment of cognitive function, and\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n              were simultaneously conducted.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n              showed that frontal brain activity was significantly lower in the\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              group than in the control subjects (28.5 versus 88.0\u00a0mM\u00b7mm;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Next, we examined the associations between frontal brain activity and the findings of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory, Mini\u2010Mental State Examination, and verbal fluency task. There were significant correlations between frontal brain activity and State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =\u22120.228,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.046), Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.414,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.017), and verbal fluency task (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.338,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007), but not with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =\u22120.160,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.233).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Frontal brain activity assessed by\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NIRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n              is reduced and is associated with high anxiety status and low cognitive function in patients with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T10:00:33Z","timestamp":1579860033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Impaired Frontal Brain Activity in Patients With Heart Failure Assessed by Near\u2010Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Ichijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichi","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiomi","family":"Yoshihisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Misaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kaneshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itaru","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirooki","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuchika","family":"Takeishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000265"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01334-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-018-0414-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000121"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2014.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01368.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00101-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.4.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000162"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00101.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.874"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23525"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01550-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S58302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1227"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040600910018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.126"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18897-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20213"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000148138.25157.F9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174169"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12721"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr467"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-012-0361-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702005974"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2004.01273.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2006.18.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20426"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22470"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12050651"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-015-9488-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001294"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0367"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.3359"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007562"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199366"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:37:14Z","timestamp":1715600234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.014564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.014564","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e014564"}}