{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:35:35Z","timestamp":1791876935338,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Sex differences in the management of cardiovascular disease have been reported in secondary care. We conducted a systematic review with meta\u2010analysis of systematically investigated sex differences in cardiovascular medication prescription among patients at high risk or with established cardiovascular disease in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      PubMed and Embase were searched between 2000 and 2019 for observational studies reporting on the sex\u2010specific prevalence of aspirin, statins, and antihypertensive medication prescription, including beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors, and diuretics, in primary care. Random effects meta\u2010analysis was used to obtain pooled women\u2010to\u2010men prevalence ratios for each cardiovascular medication prescription. Metaregression models assessed the impact of age and year on the findings. A total of 43 studies were included, involving 2\u00a0264\u00a0600 participants (28% women) worldwide. Participants\u2019 mean age ranged from 51 to 76\u00a0years. The pooled prevalence of cardiovascular medication prescription for women was 41% for aspirin, 60% for statins, and 68% for any antihypertensive medications. Corresponding rates for men were 56%, 63%, and 69% respectively. The pooled women\u2010to\u2010men prevalence ratios were 0.81 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.72\u20130.92) for aspirin, 0.90 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.85\u20130.95) for statins, and 1.01 (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.95\u20131.08) for any antihypertensive medications. Women were less likely to be prescribed angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (0.85; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 0.81\u20130.89) but more likely with diuretics (1.27; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , 1.17\u20131.37). Mean age, mean age difference between the sexes, and year of study had no significant impact on findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Sex differences in the prescription of cardiovascular medication exist among patients at high risk or with established cardiovascular disease in primary care, with a lower prevalence of aspirin, statins, and angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors prescription in women and a lower prevalence of diuretics prescription in men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T05:04:33Z","timestamp":1589951073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Medication Prescription in Primary Care: A\u00a0Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Global Health Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care Utrecht Medical Centre Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology John Hopkins University Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilonca","family":"Vaartjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Global Health Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care Utrecht Medical Centre Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands"},{"name":"Global Geo and Health Data center Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R. 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